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Shloka 17

राजधर्मः, दण्डनीतिः, कर्तृत्व-विचारः च

Royal Duty, Lawful Discipline, and the Question of Agency

अथापि पुरुष: कर्ता कर्मणो: शुभपापयो: । न परो विद्यते तस्मादेवमेतच्छुभं कृतम्‌,(२) यदि कहो पुण्य और पापकर्मोंका कर्ता उसे करनेवाला पुरुष ही है, दूसरा कोई (ईश्वर) नहीं तो ऐसा माननेपर भी तुमने यह शुभ कर्म ही किया है; क्योंकि तुम्हारे द्वारा पापियों और उनके समर्थकोंका ही वध हुआ है, इसके सिवा, उनके प्रारब्धका फल ही उन्हें इस रूपमें मिला है तुम तो निमित्तमात्र हो

athāpi puruṣaḥ kartā karmaṇoḥ śubhapāpayoḥ | na paro vidyate tasmād evam etac chubhaṃ kṛtam ||

قال فياسا: «حتى لو قيل إن الإنسان وحده هو فاعل الأعمال، برِّها وإثمِها، ولا فاعلَ وراءه (كالله)، فمع ذلك فقد أتيتَ في هذه الواقعة عملاً بارًّا. لأن المقتولين كانوا من الآثمين ومن أنصار الآثمين؛ ثم إن ما نزل بهم على هذه الصورة ليس إلا ثمرةَ كرمهم الماضي المقدَّر. وأنت لم تكن إلا سببًا آليًّا.»

अथnow/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पुरुषःthe person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्ताdoer/agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्मणोःof the two actions
कर्मणोः:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
शुभपापयोःof good and evil (deeds)
शुभपापयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootशुभपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परःanother (one)
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्यतेexists/is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शुभम्auspicious/good
शुभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृतम्done
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

Even under a view that denies a separate divine agent and treats the individual as the sole doer, moral evaluation still applies: the act can be righteous when it removes wrongdoers, while the slain also receive the fruition of their own past karma; the warrior functions as an instrument in that unfolding.

Vyāsa addresses a moral doubt about responsibility for killing in conflict. He reassures the listener that the deed was auspicious because the targets were sinners and their allies, and because their fate corresponded to their own karmic destiny, with the killer serving as a mere instrument.