Shloka 50
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
Devanagari script
वर्णानां च क्षयं दृष्टवा क्षयान्तं च पुन: पुन: । जरामृत्युं तथा जन्म दृष्टवा दुःखानि चैव ह
Translation
وإذا رأيتَ انحلالَ الفَرْنات (varṇa) ورأيتَ مرارًا نهايةَ ذلك الانحلال؛ ورأيتَ الشيخوخةَ والموتَ والولادةَ وما يصحبها من آلام، فتأمّل ذلك كلَّه تأمّلًا عميقًا.
Word by Word
वर्णानाम्of the varṇas/classes
वर्णानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
क्षयम्destruction/decay
क्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
क्षयान्तम्the end/limit of destruction
क्षयान्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षयान्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain (repeatedly)
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
जरामृत्युम्old age and death
जरामृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजरामृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
दुःखानिsufferings
दुःखानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हindeed (emphatic particle)
ह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes