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Shloka 21

उशनसः (शुक्रस्य) चरितम् — The Account of Uśanā (Śukra): Yoga, Grievance, and Pacification

इस प्रकार मैंने सभी जीवोंको जन्म-मरणके चक्‍्करमें पड़ा हुआ देखा है। शास्त्रका भी ऐसा सिद्धान्त है कि जैसा कर्म होता है, वैसा ही फल मिलता है ।।

tiryag gacchanti narakaṁ mānuṣyaṁ daivam eva ca | sukhaduḥkhe priye dveṣye caritvā pūrvam eva ha ||

قال بهيشما: «هكذا رأيتُ جميع الكائنات عالقةً في دوّامة الميلاد والموت. وهذا أيضًا مبدأ الشاسترا: كما يعمل المرء يكون الجزاء. وبعد أن جالوا من قبل في اللذّة والألم، وفي المحبوب والمكروه، تمضي الكائنات—بحسب أعمالها—إلى الجحيم، أو إلى ميلادٍ حيواني، أو إلى ميلادٍ إنساني، أو إلى ميلادٍ إلهيّ (سماوي).»

तिर्यक्as an animal (to the animal state)
तिर्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतिर्यक्
गच्छन्तिthey go
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormLat (present), 3, plural, Parasmaipada
नरकम्hell
नरकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
Formneuter, accusative, singular
मानुष्यम्human (state/birth)
मानुष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
दैवम्divine (state/birth)
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
Formneuter, accusative, singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखदुःखेin pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख-दुःख
Formneuter, locative, dual
प्रियेin the pleasant (things)
प्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय
Formneuter, locative, dual
द्वेष्येin the unpleasant (things)
द्वेष्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष्य
Formneuter, locative, dual
चरित्वाhaving experienced/moved about
चरित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), active, same as finite verb (implicit)
पूर्वम्previously/beforehand
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
indeed (particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
naraka
T
tiryagyoni
M
mānuṣya-yoni
D
deva-yoni

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches karmic retribution within saṁsāra: beings experience pleasure/pain and dear/hateful objects, and then—according to their actions—attain different destinations such as hell, animal birth, human birth, or divine birth. Moral causality (karma → phala) governs transmigration.

In the Śānti Parva instruction, Bhīṣma is advising on dharma and the workings of karma. He frames his counsel as both personal observation and śāstric doctrine, explaining how embodied beings move through various realms based on prior conduct.