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Shloka 23

कपिलगोसंवादे गृहस्थ-त्यागधर्मयोः प्रमाण्यविचारः

Kapila–Cow Dialogue: Authority of Householder and Renunciant Dharmas

अतीतास्वथ वर्षासु शरत्काल उपस्थिते । प्राजापत्येन विधिना विश्वासात्‌ काममोहितौ

atītāsv atha varṣāsu śaratkāla upasthite | prājāpatyena vidhinā viśvāsāt kāmamohitau, rājan |

قال بهيشما: لما انقضى موسم الأمطار وحلّ فصل الخريف، اجتمع ذلك الزوج من العصافير—وقد أضلّتهما الشهوة—اتحادًا متبادلاً وفق السنّة التي سنّها براجاباتي للتناسل. وإذ وثقا بسكينة الناسك وعدم إيذائه وثباته، وضعا بيضهما حتى على رأس الحكيم. فعلم ذلك البراهمن المتلألئ، الصارم في نذوره، أن الطيور قد أودعت البيض في خصلات شعره المعقودة.

अतीतासुwhen (they) had passed
अतीतासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतीत (√इ + अति, क्त)
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वर्षासुin the rainy seasons / rains
वर्षासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
शरत्कालःthe autumn season
शरत्कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरत्काल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपस्थितेwhen (it) had arrived / on the arrival (of)
उपस्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपस्थित (उप-√स्था, क्त)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राजापत्येनby the Prajāpatya (procreative) (rule)
प्राजापत्येन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राजापत्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विधिनाby the method / according to the rule
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विश्वासात्from trust / due to confidence
विश्वासात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वास
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
काममोहितौthe two, deluded by desire
काममोहितौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम-मोहित (√मुह, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
Rājan (Yudhiṣṭhira, addressed as king)
S
sparrows (gौरैयाँ)
A
a vow-observing brāhmaṇa/maharṣi (ascetic sage)
J
jaṭā (matted locks)
E
eggs (aṇḍa)
V
Varṣā-ṛtu (rainy season)
Ś
Śarat-kāla (autumn)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights how steadfastness in vows and harmlessness can generate trust even among animals; it also frames procreation as a natural, Prajāpati-ordained order, while implicitly praising restraint and responsibility in the face of desire.

As the seasons change from rains to autumn, a pair of sparrows, driven by desire, mate and—trusting an unmoving ascetic—lay their eggs on his head, in his matted locks; the vow-keeping sage becomes aware of this.