Shloka 3

कालनियमः शोकशमनं च

Kāla as Regulator; Pacification of Grief

Devanagari script

स्वाध्याययज्ञसंसिद्धा दृश्यन्ते बहवो जना: । तपोरताश्न मुनयो येषां लोका: सनातना:

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: svādhyāya-yajña-saṁsiddhā dṛśyante bahavo janāḥ | tapo-ratāś ca munayo yeṣāṁ lokāḥ sanātanāḥ ||

Translation

قال فايشامبايانا: «يُرى كثيرون قد نالوا الكمال بقرابين السْفادْهيَايا (svādhyāya) وحدها، أي بالتلاوة والدراسة الذاتية للنصوص المقدّسة. وكثير من الحكماء، المداومين على التَّبَس (tapas) والزهد، صاروا بحيث تغدو العوالم الأبدية في متناولهم—دلالةً على أن التعلّم المنضبط والتبس المستمر طريقان معترف بهما إلى ثمرة روحية باقية».

Word by Word

• स्वाध्याययज्ञसंसिद्धाः: perfected/fulfilled by the sacrifice of self-study
• स्वाध्याययज्ञसंसिद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्याय-यज्ञ-संसिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दृश्यन्ते: are seen / are found
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada, Passive/Impersonal (भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोग)

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तपोरताः: engaged in austerity
• तपोरताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपस्-रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मुनयः: sages
• मुनयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• येषाम्: of whom / whose
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• लोकाः: worlds/realms
• लोकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सनातनाः: eternal
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सनातन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• janāḥ (people)
• munayaḥ (sages)
• svādhyāya-yajña (sacrifice of self-study)
• sanātanāḥ lokāḥ (eternal worlds)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse affirms that svādhyāya (sacred self-study) can itself function as a yajña—an effective spiritual discipline leading to accomplishment; likewise, sustained tapas by sages is presented as a recognized cause for attaining enduring, ‘eternal’ spiritual realms.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana, in the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, supports an ethical-spiritual argument by citing observable precedents: many have succeeded through svādhyāya-yajña, and many ascetic sages have attained sanātana lokas through tapas.