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Shloka 22

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

दुःखमेवास्ति न सुखं तस्मात्‌ तदुपलभ्यते । तृष्णार्तिप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखार्तिप्रभवं सुखम्‌,'संसारमें केवल दुःख ही है, सुख नहीं, अतः दुःख ही उपलब्ध होता है। तृष्णाजनित पीड़ासे दु:ख और दुःखकी पीड़ासे सुख होता है अर्थात्‌ दुःखसे आर्त हुए मनुष्यको ही उसके न रहनेपर सुखकी प्रतीति होती है

duḥkham evāsti na sukhaṃ tasmāt tad upalabhyate | tṛṣṇārtiprabhavaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkhārtiprabhavaṃ sukham ||

قال فياسا: «في الوجود الدنيوي لا يوجد إلا الألم، ولا سعادة حقيقية؛ لذلك فالمُلاقى حقًّا هو الألم. ينشأ الألم من وجعٍ يولّده التعلّق والرغبة، وما يُسمّى “سعادة” ينشأ من وجع الألم نفسه—فإذا ابتُلي المرء بالشقاء، فإن مجرد زوال ذلك الشقاء يُختَبَر على أنه سعادة».

दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अस्तिis, exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखम्happiness, pleasure
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
तत्that (i.e., that sorrow)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपलभ्यतेis obtained, is experienced
उपलभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ्
FormPresent Indicative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)
तृष्णाby craving, by thirst (desire)
तृष्णा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतृष्णा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आर्तिby pain, distress
आर्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभवम्arising from, originating in
प्रभवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखby sorrow
दुःख:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आर्तिby distress
आर्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभवम्arising from
प्रभवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that in saṃsāra what people call ‘happiness’ is mostly relief: craving (tṛṣṇā) produces distress and suffering, and when suffering subsides one mistakes that cessation for happiness. Ethically, it points toward reducing craving and cultivating detachment as a path to steadier well-being.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and right living after the war, Vyāsa delivers a reflective teaching on the nature of worldly experience, analyzing why beings repeatedly encounter suffering and why ordinary happiness is often only the temporary easing of pain.