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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 241: Guṇa-sṛṣṭi, Kṣetrajña-sākṣitva, and Śama through Ātma-jñāna (गुणसृष्टिः, क्षेत्रज्ञसाक्षित्वं, शमः)

विद्यामयो<न्य: पुरुषस्तात कर्ममयो5पर: । विद्धि चन्द्रमसं दर्शे सूक्ष्म्पा कलया स्थितम्‌

vidyāmayo 'nyaḥ puruṣas tāta karmamayo 'paraḥ | viddhi candramasaṁ darśe sūkṣmāṁ kalayā sthitam ||

قال بهيشما: «يا بُنيّ، الإنسانُ المتكوّن بالمعرفة نوعٌ، والإنسانُ المتكوّن بالفعل—المقيَّد بالفعل وثمرته—نوعٌ آخر. افهم ذلك بمثال القمر: في ليلة المحاق لا يبقى منه إلا خيطٌ دقيق. وكذلك حالُ المتعلّقين بالعمل؛ يُكرهون على الدوران في دورة النقص والزيادة (الخسارة والربح)، بدل أن يستقرّوا في ثباتٍ تولده المعرفة الحقّة.»

विद्यामयःconsisting of knowledge, knowledge-formed
विद्यामयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्या-मय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्यःanother, different
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःperson, man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one, son (vocative address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कर्ममयःconsisting of action, action-formed
कर्ममयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्म-मय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपरःthe other, different (second one)
अपरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्धिknow, understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
चन्द्रमसम्the moon
चन्द्रमसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दर्शेat the new-moon day (amavasya)
दर्शे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदर्श
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सूक्ष्माम्subtle, minute
सूक्ष्माम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कलयाby/with a digit (a small portion)
कलया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
स्थितम्standing, remaining, situated
स्थितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
candramaḥ (the Moon)
D
darśa/amāvāsyā (new-moon night)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes two orientations of human life: one grounded in knowledge (vidyā), which tends toward inner steadiness and clarity, and another dominated by action with attachment to results (karma), which keeps a person moving through alternating states of increase and decrease—gain and loss, rise and fall.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses the listener (Yudhishthira) and uses a natural image—the moon reduced to a barely perceptible portion on the new-moon night—to illustrate how the action-bound person remains caught in fluctuating conditions, unlike the knowledge-formed person.