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Shloka 22

Yoga-kṛtya (योककृत्य) — Vyāsa on Sense-Restraint, Obstacles, and Brahman-Realization

तपो निः:श्रेयसं जन्तोस्तस्य मूलं शमो दम: । तेन सर्वानिवाप्नोति यान्‌ कामान्‌ मनसेच्छति,तप ही जीवके कल्याणका मुख्य साधन है। तपका मूल है शम और दम। पुरुष अपने मनसे जिन-जिन कामनाओंको पाना चाहता है, उन सबको वह तपस्यासे प्राप्त कर लेता है

tapo niḥśreyasaṃ jantostasya mūlaṃ śamo damaḥ | tena sarvān ivāpnoti yān kāmān manasecchati ||

قال فياسا: إنّ الزهدَ والرياضةَ (tapas) للكائن الحي وسيلةٌ مباشرة إلى الخير الأقصى. وأصلُ تلك الرياضة هو السكونُ الباطني (śama) وضبطُ النفس (dama). وبهذه الممارسة المنضبطة ينال المرء كلّ ما يتمنّاه القلبُ على وجهٍ قويم.

तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
निःश्रेयसम्highest good, final beatitude
निःश्रेयसम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिःश्रेयस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जन्तोःof a creature/person
जन्तोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तस्यof that (of it)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मूलम्root, basis
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शमःtranquility, mental restraint
शमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control (of senses)
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेनby that (by it)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter/Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवas if, indeed (emphatic/particle)
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आप्नोतिattains, obtains
आप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यान्which (those whom/which)
यान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कामान्desires, wished-for objects
कामान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मनसाwith the mind
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
इच्छतिdesires, wishes
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

Tapas (disciplined austerity) leads toward the highest good (niḥśreyasa), but it must be rooted in śama (inner calm) and dama (sense-restraint). When mind and senses are governed, one gains the capacity to realize one’s chosen aims in a dharmic way.

In the instruction-heavy Shānti Parva, Vyāsa states a general ethical-spiritual principle: true austerity is not mere hardship but disciplined living founded on mental tranquility and self-control, which empowers a person to attain desired goals and ultimately supports the pursuit of the highest welfare.