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Shloka 38

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

नित्यं कालपरीतस्य मम वा मद्विधस्य वा | बुद्धिरव्यसनमासाद्य भिन्ना नौरिव सीदति,मैं होऊँ या मेरे-जैसा दूसरा कोई पुरुष हो। जब काल ([प्रारब्ध) से आक्रान्त हो जाता है, तब सदा ही उसकी बुद्धि संकटमें पड़कर फटी हुई नौकाके समान शिथिल हो जाती है

nityaṁ kālaparītasya mama vā madvidhasya vā | buddhir avyasanam āsādya bhinnā naur iva sīdati ||

قال بهيشما: «سواء أكنتُ أنا أو كان رجلٌ مثلي—فإذا غلبه الزمان (قوة القدر)، فإن فهمه لا محالة يقع في الشدة ويخور، فيغوص كقاربٍ قد انشقّ.»

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
FormAvyaya (adverb)
कालपरीतस्यof one overcome by time/fate
कालपरीतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootकालपरीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
FormAvyaya (particle)
मद्विधस्यof one like me
मद्विधस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootमद्विध
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
FormAvyaya (particle)
बुद्धिःintellect, understanding
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अव्यसनम्calamity, distress (lit. misfortune)
अव्यसनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअव्यसन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आसाद्यhaving reached/encountered
आसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable; from dhatu सद् with उपसर्ग आ
भिन्नाsplit, broken
भिन्ना:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्न
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular (past passive participle of √भिद्)
नौःboat
नौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
FormAvyaya (comparative particle)
सीदतिsinks, collapses
सीदति:
TypeVerb
Root√सद्
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
Time (Kāla)
B
boat (nau)

Educational Q&A

Even a capable person’s discernment can falter when overwhelmed by Kāla (destiny/time). The verse urges humility about human judgment and compassion toward those whose decisions collapse under misfortune.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhīṣma reflects on the power of Time over human agency, using the image of a broken boat to describe how the mind loses steadiness when struck by calamity.