Shloka 8

अव्यक्तनाभं व्यक्तारं विकारपरिमण्डलम्‌ । क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं चक्र स्निग्धाक्षं वर्तते ध्रुवम्‌,यह जन्म-मरणका प्रवाहरूप संसार चक्रके समान घूम रहा है। अव्यक्त उसकी नाभि है। व्यक्त (देह और इन्द्रिय आदि) उसके अरे हैं। सुख-दुःख, इच्छा आदि विकार इसकी नेमि हैं। आसक्ति धुरा है। यह चक्र निश्चितरूपसे घूमता रहता है। क्षेत्रज्ञ (जीवात्मा) इस चक्रपर चालक बनकर बैठा हुआ है

Bhīṣma uvāca: avyaktanābhaṃ vyaktāraṃ vikāraparimaṇḍalam | kṣetrajñādhiṣṭhitaṃ cakraṃ snigdhākṣaṃ vartate dhruvam ||

قال بهيشما: «إن عجلة الصيرورة الدنيوية تدور بلا انقطاع وبحتمٍ. محورها هو غير المتجلّي؛ وأشعّتها هي الصور المتجلّية—الجسد والحواس. وحافتها مؤلَّفة من التحوّلات مثل اللذة والألم، والرغبة وما شابه. ومحورها الدوّار هو التعلّق، وعلى ذلك يجلس “عارف الحقل” (كشيتراجنا، الذات الفردية) سائقًا. وهكذا يستمر تيار الميلاد والموت في الدوران.»

अव्यक्तनाभम्having the unmanifest as its navel
अव्यक्तनाभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त-नाभि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यक्तारम्having the manifest as its spokes
व्यक्तारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त-अर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विकारपरिमण्डलम्whose rim/circumference is (made of) modifications
विकारपरिमण्डलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविकार-परिमण्डल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितम्presided over/inhabited by the knower of the field
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ-अधिष्ठित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चक्रम्wheel
चक्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्निग्धाक्षम्having a smooth/greased axle
स्निग्धाक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्निग्ध-अक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वर्ततेturns/continues to revolve
वर्तते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
ध्रुवम्certainly/steadily
ध्रुवम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootध्रुव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kṣetrajña (the individual self)
S
saṃsāra-cakra (wheel of transmigration)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents saṃsāra as a wheel driven by attachment: the unmanifest ground becomes manifest experience, producing changing states like pleasure, pain, and desire. The kṣetrajña (self) is implicated as the ‘driver’ so long as it identifies with the wheel; freedom lies in discerning this mechanism and loosening attachment.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on liberation-oriented dharma. Here he uses a vivid metaphor—the wheel—to explain how embodied life revolves through birth and death under the forces of manifestation and mental modifications.