Shloka 28

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

Devanagari script

धर्म उवाच यदि त्व॑ं नेच्छसे त्यक्तुं शरीरं पश्य वै द्विज । एष कालस्तथा मृत्युर्यमश्न त्वामुपागता:,धर्म बोले--ब्रह्मन! यदि तुम शरीर छोड़ना नहीं चाहते हो तो देखो, ये काल, मृत्यु और यम तुम्हारे पास आये हैं

Transliteration

dharma uvāca | yadi tvaṁ necchase tyaktuṁ śarīraṁ paśya vai dvija | eṣa kālas tathā mṛtyur yamaś ca tvām upāgatāḥ ||

Translation

قال دارما: «أيها البراهمن، إن كنت لا تريد أن تترك الجسد، فانظر—لقد أتاك الزمان نفسه، والموت، ويَما. اعلم أن نداء الفناء قد حضر، وأنه لا كائن متجسّد يستطيع ردَّ ما قُدِّر وسُنَّ.»

Word by Word

• धर्मः: Dharma (personified)
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यदि: if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• इच्छसे: wish/desire
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्
• Form: Present, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada

• त्यक्तुम्: to abandon/leave
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज्
• Form: Tumun (infinitive)

• शरीरम्: body
• शरीरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पश्य: see/look
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वै: indeed/for sure
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• द्विज: O brahmin (twice-born)
• द्विज: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कालः: Time (Death-time)
• कालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• मृत्युः: Death
• मृत्युः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Accusative, Singular

• उपागताः: have come/arrived (near)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

धर्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dharma
• Dvija (brāhmaṇa addressee)
• Kāla (Time)
• Mṛtyu (Death)
• Yama