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Shloka 16

असंतोषादिदोष-निरूपणम्

On the Faults of Discontent and the Discipline of Detachment

देवयान और पितृयान--ये दो परलोकके प्रसिद्ध मार्ग हैं। जो सकाम यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करनेवाले हैं वे पितृयानसे जाते हैं और मोक्षके अधिकारी देवयानमार्गसे ।।

tapasā brahmacaryeṇa svādhyāyena maharṣayaḥ | vimucya dehāṃs te yānti mṛtyor aviṣayaṃ gatāḥ || devayānaḥ pitṛyānaś ca—ete dvau paralokasya prasiddhau mārgau | ye sakāma-yajñān anuṣṭhātāraḥ te pitṛyānena yānti, mokṣādhikāriṇaḥ devayāna-mārgeṇa ||

قال يودهيشثيرا: «الدِفَيَانَة (Devayāna) والبِتْرِيَانَة (Pitṛyāna) هما الطريقان المشهوران إلى العالم الآخر. من يقيم الذبائح راغبًا في الثمرة يسلك طريق الأسلاف؛ ومن كان أهلًا للمُكْشَة يسلك الطريق الإلهي. والريشيّات العظام، بقوة الزهد (tapas) والانضباط العفيف (brahmacarya) وتلاوة العلم المقدّس (svādhyāya)، يطرحون الأجساد بعد مفارقتها ويبلغون مقامًا لا يدخل إليه الموت.»

तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
ब्रह्मचर्येणby celibacy / continence
ब्रह्मचर्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वाध्यायेनby self-study (Vedic recitation/study)
स्वाध्यायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महर्षयःthe great sages
महर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विमुच्यhaving released / having cast off
विमुच्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+मुच्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral (gerund)
देहान्bodies
देहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यान्तिgo / proceed
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
मृत्योःof death
मृत्योः:
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अविषयम्a domain not accessible (to death)
अविषयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअविषय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गताःhaving gone / gone (arrived)
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Devayāna
P
Pitṛyāna
M
Maharṣis (great seers)
M
Mṛtyu (Death, as a principle)

Educational Q&A

The passage distinguishes two post-mortem trajectories: ritual action pursued for desired results leads along the Pitṛyāna (a merit-based path), while those oriented to liberation—grounded in austerity, disciplined celibacy, and sacred study—attain the Devayāna and reach a state beyond the reach of death.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and ultimate good, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates a doctrinal contrast between result-seeking sacrificial practice and the liberative discipline of sages, describing how the latter, after leaving the body, attain a deathless realm.