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Shloka 37

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन्‌ | याजनाध्यापनाद यौनान्न तु यानासनाशनात्‌,पतितके साथ रहनेसे, उसका यज्ञ करानेसे और उसे पढ़ानेसे मनुष्य एक वर्षमें पतित हो जाता है; परंतु उसकी संतानके साथ अपनी संतानका विवाह करनेसे, एक सवारी या एक आसन पर बैठनेसे तथा उसके साथमें भोजन करनेसे वह एक वर्षमें नहीं, किंतु तत्काल पतित हो जाता है

saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran | yājanādhyāpanād yaunān na tu yānāsanāśanāt ||

قال بهيشما: «إن الرجل يصير ساقطًا في غضون سنة إذا عاش مع الساقط وخالطه في السلوك؛ وكذلك إذا تولّى إقامة يَجْنَاه (قربانه) أو علّمه. أمّا إذا عقد مصاهرة مع نسله، أو شاركه مركبًا واحدًا، أو مجلسًا واحدًا، أو طعامًا واحدًا، فلا تُؤخَّر السقطة سنةً—بل تقع في الحال.»

संवत्सरेणin/within a year (by a year as measure)
संवत्सरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पततिfalls (becomes fallen/impure)
पतति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पतितेनwith a fallen person
पतितेन:
Sahakaraka
TypeNoun
Rootपतित
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether/with
सह:
Sahakaraka
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
आचरन्practising/associating (while doing)
आचरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआचर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
याजनfrom officiating at sacrifices (for others)
याजन:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयाजन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अध्यापनात्from teaching (him)
अध्यापनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यापन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
यौनात्from marital/sexual relation (intermarriage)
यौनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयौन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यानfrom riding/vehicle (sharing conveyance)
यान:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
आसनfrom seat (sharing a seat)
आसन:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआसन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अशनात्from eating (together)
अशनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअशन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
patita (a fallen person/outcaste)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes degrees of moral/ritual contamination: some forms of association with a ‘fallen’ person lead to degradation over time (general companionship, priestly service, teaching), while intimate boundary-crossing acts—marital/sexual alliance and sharing conveyance, seat, or food—are treated as causing immediate fall.

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma is laying down norms of conduct and social boundaries, explaining to the listener how different interactions with a patita are evaluated and what consequences they are said to bring.