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Shloka 51

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

“राजा मछलीमारोंकी भाँति दूसरोंके मर्म विदीर्ण किये बिना, अत्यन्त क्रूर कर्म किये बिना तथा बहुतोंके प्राण लिये बिना बड़ी भारी सम्पत्ति नहीं पा सकता है ।।

rājā matsyamārāṇāṃ bhāntī dūṣarāṇāṃ marma vidīrya vinā, atyanta-krūra-karmāṇi kṛtvā vinā tathā bahūnāṃ prāṇān ādāya vinā, bṛhatīṃ sampattiṃ na prāpnoti. nāsti jātyā ripur nāma mitraṃ vāpi na vidyate; sāmarthya-yogāj jāyante mitrāṇi ripavas tathā.

قال بهيشما: لا يستطيع الملك أن ينال ثروةً عظيمةً ما لم يكن كالصيّادين، يطعن مواضع الضعف في الآخرين—وما لم يأتِ بأعمالٍ بالغة القسوة، وما لم يزهق أرواحًا كثيرة. فليس أحدٌ عدوًّا ولا صديقًا لمجرّد الميلاد؛ إنما من اقتران القوّة بالظرف تنشأ الصداقات، وكذلك تنشأ العداوات.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
जात्याby birth; by caste/nature
जात्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
रिपुःenemy
रिपुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामindeed; by name (emphatic particle)
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
मित्रम्friend
मित्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेis found/exists
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
सामर्थ्ययोगात्from association with power/capability
सामर्थ्ययोगात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसामर्थ्ययोग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
जायन्तेare born/arise
जायन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
मित्राणिfriends
मित्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
रिपवःenemies
रिपवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
F
fishermen (matsyamārāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma presents a hard-edged lesson of rāja-nīti: great royal wealth and expansion often involve coercion and harm, and political friendship or enmity is not fixed by birth but formed by power, advantage, and circumstance.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on governance after the war. Here he explains the grim realities of statecraft—how rulers secure resources and how alliances and rivalries shift according to strength and situational alignment.