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Shloka 24

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

स्वधर्मानन्तरा वृत्तिर्जात्याननुपजीवत: । जहत: प्रथमं कल्पमनुकल्पेन जीवनम्‌

svadharmānantara vṛttir jātyān anupajīvataḥ | jahataḥ prathamaṃ kalpam anukalpena jīvanam ||

قال بهيشما: «إذا عجز المرء عن حفظ حياته بالاعتماد على الواجبات المقررة لمولده ومرتبته، فقد عُلِّم أيضًا سبيلٌ بديل للمعاش. ففي أزمنة الشدة، من اضطر إلى ترك السبيل الأول والأصل—العيش وفق سْفَدهَرْمَه (svadharma) الخاص به—أُبيح له أن يعيش بسبيلٍ ثانٍ، ولو باتخاذ حرفة طبقة أدنى، صونًا للحياة من غير سقوطٍ في الفوضى ومجاوزة القانون».

स्वधर्मात्from one’s own duty
स्वधर्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अनन्तराnext/secondary (immediately following)
अनन्तरा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनन्तर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वृत्तिःmeans of livelihood; conduct
वृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जात्याby (one’s) caste/varna
जात्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
अनुपजीवतःof one who does not subsist (by it)
अनुपजीवतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-जीव्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular, Present active participle (शतृ)
जहतःof one who abandons
जहतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular, Present active participle (शतृ)
प्रथमम्the first
प्रथमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कल्पम्prescribed rule/option (course)
कल्पम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकल्प
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुकल्पेनby a secondary alternative
अनुकल्पेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुकल्प
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जीवनम्living; subsistence
जीवनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

In hardship, preserving life may require setting aside the primary rule of living strictly by one’s own svadharma; the tradition allows a secondary, emergency livelihood (anukalpa), even adopting work associated with a lower varna, to avoid greater moral collapse.

Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira in the Shanti Parva on dharma, specifically explaining the graded rules of conduct: the normal rule (svadharma-based livelihood) and the emergency exception (alternative livelihood) when normal duty cannot sustain life.