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Shloka 42

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

अददद्‌ दण्डमेवास्मै धृतमैश्चर्यमेव च । बलेन यश्न संयुक्त: सदा पडचविधात्मक:

adadad daṇḍam evāsmai dhṛtam aiśvaryam eva ca | balena yaś ca saṃyuktaḥ sadā pañcavidhātmakaḥ | yo sarvadā sainika-balena sampannaḥ tathā yo dharma-vyavahāra-daṇḍa-īśvara-jīva-rūpeṇa pañca-prakāra-svarūpaṃ dhārayati, tasmai rājñe īśvareṇaiva daṇḍanītiḥ svaṃ cāiśvaryaṃ pradattam |

قال بهيشما: إن الله هو الذي منح ذلك الملك قوة العقاب نفسها وجلال السيادة—للحاكم الذي لا يخلو من قوةٍ عسكرية، والذي يتجسّد فيه طابعٌ خماسي: حامي الدَّهَرما، ومنظّم المعاملات المدنية، وحامل سُلطة العقوبة، ومظهر الهيبة السلطانية، والحضور الحيّ الذي يُقيم المملكة. والمغزى الأخلاقي أن قوة الإكراه الملكية ليست بطشًا شخصيًا، بل أمانة مُجازة إلهيًا لحفظ النظام والاستقامة.

अददत्gave
अददत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दण्डम्punishment; sceptre; rod (of chastisement)
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अस्मैto him
अस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative, Singular
धृतम्held; borne; maintained
धृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधृ (धारणे)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
ऐश्वर्यम्sovereignty; lordship; power
ऐश्वर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऐश्वर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ī
Īśvara (the Lord)
R
rājā (the king)

Educational Q&A

Royal authority—especially the right to punish (daṇḍa)—is portrayed as a divinely granted trust. Therefore the king must use coercive power ethically, to uphold dharma and social order rather than personal desire.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma explains to the listener that a true king, supported by military strength and embodying multiple governing functions, receives the mandate of punishment and sovereignty from the Lord—highlighting the sacred responsibility behind governance.