Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 13

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

सुप्रणीतेन दण्डेन प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना । प्रजा रक्षति य: सम्यग्धर्म एव स केवल:

supranītena daṇḍena priyāpriyasamātmanā | prajā rakṣati yaḥ samyag dharma eva sa kevalaḥ || prāg idaṃ vacanaṃ proktam ataḥ prāgvacanaṃ viduḥ | vyavahārasya cākhyānād vyavahāra iho cyate narendra ||

قال بهيشما: «من يحمي الرعية على الوجه الحق—بعقوبةٍ مُحكَمة الإدارة، وبنفسٍ لا تميل أمام ما يُرضي وما يُسخط—فهو وحده الدharma بعينه. وقد نُطق بهذا التعليم في الأزمنة الأولى، فلذلك يُعرف باسم “القول السابق/الأول” (prāgvacana). ولأنه يبيّن أصول vyavahāra، أي إجراءات القضاء والفصل، سُمّي هنا “Vyavahāra”، أيها الملك.»

सुप्रणीतेनby well-administered
सुप्रणीतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्रणीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
दण्डेनby punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रियाप्रियसमात्मनाwith an even-mindedness toward the pleasant and unpleasant
प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रियाप्रियसमात्मन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रजाsubjects/people
प्रजा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
धर्मःdharma/righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सःhe/that
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
केवलःalone/entirely (so)
केवलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकेवल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राक्formerly/before
प्राक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राक्
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचनम्statement/utterance
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रोक्तम्said/declared
प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
अतःtherefore
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
प्राक्formerly/before
प्राक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राक्
वचनम्statement
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विदुःthey know/consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
व्यवहारस्यof legal procedure/practice
व्यवहारस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आख्यानात्from the exposition/description
आख्यानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआख्यान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
व्यवहारःlegal procedure/practice
व्यवहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
उच्यतेis called/said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Atmanepada form)
नरेन्द्रO king (lord of men)
नरेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
N
Narendra (the king, i.e., Yudhishthira as addressee)
D
Dharma
D
Daṇḍa
P
Prāgvacana
V
Vyavahāra

Educational Q&A

A king becomes the embodiment of Dharma when he protects his subjects through properly regulated punishment and strict impartiality—remaining even-minded toward the pleasant and the unpleasant. Justice must be administered without personal preference.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship and law, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhishthira), explaining an ancient authoritative dictum. He identifies the section as ‘Vyavahāra’ because it expounds judicial procedure and practical adjudication.