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Shloka 48

Vyāghra–Gomāyu Saṃvāda (व्याघ्रगोमायु संवाद) — Testing Character Beneath Appearances

मन्त्रीपदपर आते समय सियारने यह शर्त करा ली थी कि राजन! यदि आप मुझसे मैत्री चाहते हैं तो किसीके बहकावेमें आकर मेरा विनाश न कर डालियेगा ।। भीष्म उवाच क्षुधितस्य मृगेन्द्रस्य भोक्तुमभ्युत्थितस्य च । भोजनायोपहर्तव्यं तन्मांसं नोपदृश्यते,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! उधर शेरको जब भूख लगी और वह भोजनके लिये उठा, तब उसके खानेके लिये जो परोसा जानेवाला था, वह मांस उसे नहीं दिखायी दिया

bhīṣma uvāca | kṣudhitasya mṛgendrasya bhoktum abhyutthitasya ca | bhojanāyopahartavyaṃ tan māṃsaṃ nopadṛśyate ||

قال بهيشما: «أيها الملك، لما جاع الأسد ونهض ليأكل، لم يُرَ اللحم الذي كان ينبغي أن يُقدَّم له طعاماً.»

क्षुधितस्यof the hungry
क्षुधितस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुधित (क्षुध् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मृगेन्द्रस्यof the lion (lord of beasts)
मृगेन्द्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमृगेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भोक्तुम्to eat
भोक्तुम्:
Prayojana
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormInfinitive (Tumun), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral
अभ्युत्थितस्यof (him) who had risen/started up
अभ्युत्थितस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootअभ्युत्थित (अभि + उत् + स्था + क्त)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भोजनायfor eating/for food
भोजनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
उपहर्तव्यम्to be brought/served
उपहर्तव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-हृ (हृ + तव्य)
FormGerundive (Tavya), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मांसम्meat
मांसम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपदृश्यतेis seen/appears
उपदृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√दृश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive-like usage), 3rd, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (addressed as rājan)
L
Lion (mṛgendra)
M
Meat/food (māṃsa, bhojana)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not allow rightful support and trust to be undermined; when what is due is withheld (like food from a hungry lion), the resulting frustration can trigger disorder and harm. The verse cautions against betrayal, negligence, and being swayed by bad counsel.

Bhishma uses a vivid metaphor: a hungry lion rises to eat, but the meat meant to be served is not found. The image functions as a moral illustration within Bhishma’s instruction on governance and ethical conduct.