Shloka 11

Devanagari script

महाधनुर्धर राजा दुर्योधनको पृथ्वीपर पड़ा हुआ देख कृपाचार्य आदि सभी महारथी मोहके वशीभूत हो गये ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | avātīrya rathebhyaś ca prādravan rājasaṃnidhau | duryodhanaṃ ca samprekṣya sarve bhūmāv upāviśan ||

Translation

قال سانجيا: نزلوا من عرباتهم وهرعوا إلى جانب الملك. فلما رأوا دوريودانا ساقطًا، جلسوا جميعًا على الأرض بقربه، وقد غلبت عليهم الصدمة والحزن.

Word by Word

• अवतीर्य: having descended
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-तॄ
• Form: ल्यप् (क्त्वान्त/absolutive), कर्तरि

• रथेभ्यः: from the chariots
• रथेभ्यः: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Plural

• प्राद्रवन्: ran forth
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√द्रु (द्रवति)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• राज-सन्निधौ: near the king / in the king's presence
• राज-सन्निधौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् + सन्निधि
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• दुर्योधनम्: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: having looked at / seeing
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-ईक्ष्
• Form: ल्यप् (क्त्वान्त/absolutive), कर्तरि

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भूमौ: on the ground
• भूमौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• उपाविशन्: sat down near (him)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-√विश् (विशति)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• the king (rājā)
• chariots (ratha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how the fall of a leader precipitates collective disorientation: even great warriors abandon formal battle posture, rushing to the king and sitting on the ground. Ethically, it underscores the fragility of power rooted in adharma—when the central figure collapses, the supporting order and morale also collapse.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the warriors dismount their chariots and run to Duryodhana’s side. After seeing him fallen, they sit on the ground near him, indicating shock, grief, and an abrupt pause in coordinated action on the battlefield.