Shloka 4

Indratīrtha–Ādityatīrtha: Balarāma’s Ritual Bathing, Dāna, and Sacred-Historical Recollections

Devanagari script

समास्तस्या व्यतिक्रान्ता बह्दयः कुरुकुलोद्वह । चरन्त्या नियमांस्तांस्तान्‌ स्त्रीभिस्तीव्रान्‌ सुदुश्षरान्‌

Transliteration

samāstāsyā vyatikrāntā bahudayaḥ kurukulodvaha | carantyā niyamāṁs tāṁs tān strībhiḥ tīvrān suduṣṣarān ||

Translation

قال فايشَمبايانا: لقد مضت عليها أيام كثيرة، يا أكرمَ آلِ كورو، وهي تواصل مراعاة تلك الرياضات المتنوّعة—شديدة قاسية عسيرة الاحتمال—مع سائر النساء.

Word by Word

• समाः: years
• समाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• व्यतिक्रान्ताः: passed (by), elapsed
• व्यतिक्रान्ताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + अति + क्रम् (धातु) → व्यतिक्रान्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• बह्व्यः: many
• बह्व्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• कुरुकुलोद्वह: O bearer of the Kuru lineage
• कुरुकुलोद्वह: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु-कुल-उद्वह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• चरन्त्याः: of (her) practicing/observing
• चरन्त्याः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु) → चरन्ती (शतृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• नियमान्: vows, restraints, observances
• नियमान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तान्: those (various)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• स्त्रीभिः: by women
• स्त्रीभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural

• तीव्रान्: severe, intense
• तीव्रान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तीव्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सुदुष्करान्: very difficult (to perform)
• सुदुष्करान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-दुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Kuru lineage (Kurukula)
• women (striyaḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharmic endurance: true restraint (niyama) is not momentary but sustained over time, and its ethical force lies in persevering through hardship—especially in periods of sorrow and social disruption.

What is happening in the narrative?

The narrator notes that many days have elapsed while a particular woman (contextually, a principal queen/royal lady) continues to practice severe vows along with other women, emphasizing the prolonged, difficult observances being undertaken.