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Shloka 18

अध्याय १: महाप्रस्थानारम्भः

The Commencement of the Great Departure

न च राजा तथाकार्षीत्‌ कालपर्यायधर्मवित्‌ । परंतु धर्मात्मा राजा युधिष्ठिर कालके उलट-फेरके अनुसार जो धर्म या कर्तव्य प्राप्त था उसे जानते थे; अतः उन्होंने प्रजाके कथनानुसार कार्य नहीं किया ।।

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: Na ca rājā tathākārṣīt kālaparyāyadharmavit | Parantu dharmātmā rājā Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ kālaparyāyānusāreṇa yaḥ dharmo vā kartavyaṃ prāptaṃ tad avet; ataḥ sa prajāvacanānusāraṃ karma na cakāra || Tato ’numānya dharmātmā paurajānapadaṃ janam |

قال فايشَمبايانا: غير أنّ الملك لم يفعل على ذلك النحو، لأنه كان عارفًا بواجب الدهر الذي يتبدّل بتبدّل الزمان والظروف. إنّ الملكَ البارّ يودهيشثيرا كان يعلم أيَّ دارما—أيَّ التزام—قد آل إليه بحسب انعطاف الزمن؛ لذلك لم يعمل بما ألحّ به الناس. ثم إنّ ذلك التقيّ، بعدما أقرّ أهلَ المدينة وأهلَ الريف وواساهم على الوجه اللائق…

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अकार्षीत्did, performed
अकार्षीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAorist (simple past), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कालपर्यायधर्मवित्knower of the duty according to the turn of time
कालपर्यायधर्मवित्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकाल-पर्याय-धर्म-वित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अनुमान्यhaving assented to, having approved
अनुमान्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√मन्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada-derived
धर्मात्माrighteous-souled
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पौरजानपदम्of townsmen and countryfolk (collectively)
पौरजानपदम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपौर-जानपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जनम्people, populace
जनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
prajā (the people)
P
paura (citizens)
J
jānapa-da (countryfolk)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not a fixed rule applied mechanically; it must be discerned according to kāla (time) and paryāya (changing circumstance). A righteous ruler may respectfully hear the people yet choose a course aligned with the higher, situational duty.

As the Mahāprasthāna (great departure) unfolds, the people urge the king toward a certain action, but Yudhiṣṭhira—knowing the duty appropriate to the present turn of events—does not comply. He then acknowledges the citizens and countryfolk, indicating a respectful but firm resolve.