Shloka 108

Devanagari script

मम तावदपर्याप्तौ कर्णशल्यौ जनार्दन । सपताकध्वजं कर्ण सशल्यरथवाजिनम्‌

Transliteration

mama tāvad aparyāptau karṇaśalyau janārdana | sapatākadhvajaṃ karṇaṃ saśalyarathavājinam ||

Translation

قال سَنجايا: «يا جَناردَن، إنَّ كَرْنَة وشَالْيَة—بالنسبة لمرادي—لا يزالان غير كافيين. اليوم في ساحة القتال سترى: سأُحَطِّمُ كَرْنَة إلى قِطَعٍ بسهامي—مع رايته ولوائه، ومع شَالْيَة، ومع عربته وخيوله.»

Word by Word

• मम: of me / for me
• मम: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• तावत्: so much / to that extent
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तावत्

• अपर्याप्तौ: insufficient (two persons)
• अपर्याप्तौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर्याप्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• कर्णशल्यौ: Karna and Shalya
• कर्णशल्यौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण + शल्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• जनार्दन: O Janardana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनार्दन
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• सपताकध्वजम्: with banner and flag (as a unit)
• सपताकध्वजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पताका + ध्वज
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कर्णम्: Karna
• कर्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सशल्यरथवाजिनम्: having Shalya, chariot, and horses (i.e., with Shalya on the chariot and with steeds)
• सशल्यरथवाजिनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शल्य + रथ + वाजिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)
• Karṇa
• Śalya
• dhvaja (banner/standard)
• patākā (pennon/flag)
• ratha (chariot)
• vājin (horses)
• arrows (bāṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the psychology of war: confidence and aggressive resolve can escalate into overreach. Ethically, it underscores how martial pride and the urge to annihilate an opponent can eclipse restraint, reminding readers that dharma in battle is tested not only by skill but by self-control and right intention.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a fierce declaration addressed to Kṛṣṇa (Janārdana): the speaker claims that even the combined strength of Karṇa and his charioteer Śalya is not enough, and vows to destroy Karṇa along with his insignia, chariot, and horses using arrows—intensifying the tension of the Karṇa-Parva battlefield.