Shloka 49

Devanagari script

धृतराष्ट्रस्य दौरात्म्यात्‌ सपुत्रस्य सदा वयम्‌ | “मुझे प्रमाणकोटितीर्थमें विष पिलाकर नदीमें डाल दिया गया

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭrasya daurātmyāt saputrasya sadā vayam | ity uktvā vacanaṁ rājan jayaṁ prāpya vṛkodaraḥ | punar āha mahārāja smayaṁs tau keśavārjunau ||

Translation

قال سنجايا: «بسبب خبث دِهْرِتَراشْتْرَ مع أبنائه، عانينا على الدوام». وبعد أن قال هذه الكلمات، أيها الملك، عاد فِرِكودَرا (بهِيما)—بعد أن نال الظفر—فخاطب كيشافا وأرجونا مبتسمًا. يضع هذا البيت عنف الحرب في ميزانٍ أخلاقي: فمحنُ الباندافا لا تُعرض بوصفها سوء طالعٍ عابرًا، بل ثمرةَ ظلمٍ متواصل، وقد جاء الآن جوابُه بردٍّ عادلٍ في ساحة القتال.

Word by Word

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य: of Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• धृतराष्ट्रस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• दौरात्म्यात्: from wickedness
• दौरात्म्यात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दौरात्म्य
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• सपुत्रस्य: of (him) together with his sons
• सपुत्रस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Plural

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• उक्त्वा: having said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active, —, —, —

• वचनम्: speech/words
• वचनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• जयम्: victory
• जयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्राप्य: having obtained
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active, —, —, —

• वृकोदरः: Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
• वृकोदरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृकोदर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• आह: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• स्मयन्: smiling
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मि
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• केशव: O Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• अर्जुन: O Arjuna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons (Kauravas)
• Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores moral causality and accountability: prolonged injustice and cruelty (daurātmya) by a ruler and his heirs generate suffering and ultimately invite a forceful response framed as just recompense within the dharma of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Bhīma, having achieved a battlefield victory, speaks again to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. The line links the present triumph to the earlier wrongs attributed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and his sons.