Shloka 31

कर्णनिधनश्रवणम् — Hearing of Karṇa’s Fall and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Lament

Devanagari script

राजन्‌! जरासंधके महाबलवान्‌ पुत्र मगधवासी जयत्सेनको महामना सुभद्राकुमारने युद्धमें मार डाला ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

rājan! jarāsandhake mahābalavān putro magadhavāsī jayatsenako mahāmanā subhadrākumāreṇa yuddhe mārḍāla ||

putras te durmukho rājan duḥsahaś ca mahārathaḥ |

gadayā bhīmasenena nihatāv śūramāninau, nareśvara! ||

Translation

قال سنجيا: أيها الملك، إن جَياتسينا السامي الهمة، ابن جاراسَنْدها القوي وساكن مَغَدها، قد قُتل في الحرب على يد أبهيمانيو ابن سوبهادرا. وكذلك، يا سيد الناس، فإن ابنيك دُورموخا ودُهْسَها، ذلك المحارب العظيم على العربة—وكلاهما كان يزهو ببطولته—قد صرعهما بهيماسينا بضربات صولجانه (الگَدَا).

Word by Word

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• दुर्मुखः: Durmukha (proper name)
• दुर्मुखः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• दुःसहः: Duhsaha (proper name)
• दुःसहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःसह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महारथः: great chariot-warrior
• महारथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गदया: with a mace
• गदया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गदा
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• भीमसेनेन: by Bhimasena
• भीमसेनेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• निहतौ: were slain
• निहतौ: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-हन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• शूरमानिनौ: thinking themselves heroes
• शूरमानिनौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शूरमानिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• नरेश्वर: O lord of men
• नरेश्वर: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra
• Jarasandha
• Jayatsena
• Magadha
• Subhadra
• Abhimanyu
• Durmukha
• Duhsaha
• Bhimasena
• mace (gadā)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical gravity of war: pride in strength and status cannot prevent the consequences of a conflict rooted in adharma. Even renowned warriors fall, reminding the listener (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) that attachment and ambition culminate in irreversible loss.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya informs Dhṛtarāṣṭra of battlefield deaths: Jayatsena of Magadha, connected to Jarāsandha’s line, is slain by Abhimanyu; and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons Durmukha and Duhsaha are killed by Bhīma using his mace.