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Shloka 1

कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ४०

Karṇa’s Pressure on the Pāñcālas; Duryodhana Disabled; Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

निफमश (0) आज अन न - युद्धसे पीछे न हटना ही राजा पुरूरवाका उत्तम चरित्र है। एकचत्वारिशो< ध्याय: राजा शल्यका कर्णको एक हंस और कौएका उपाख्यान सुनाकर उसे श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनकी प्रशंसा करते हुए उनकी शरणमें जानेकी सलाह देना संजय उवाच मारिषाधिरथे: श्रुत्वा वाचो युद्धाभिनन्दिन: । शल्योडब्रवीत्‌ पुन: कर्ण निदर्शनमिदं वच:

sañjaya uvāca

māriṣādhiratheḥ śrutvā vāco yuddhābhinandinaḥ |

śalyo 'bravīt punaḥ karṇa nidarśanam idaṃ vacaḥ ||

قال سنجيا: «أيها الملك الموقَّر! لما سمع شاليا كلام كارنا ابن أدهيراثا، ذلك الذي يَسْتَحْسِنُ الحرب، عاد فخاطب كارنا مرةً أخرى، قائلاً هذه الكلمات على سبيل المَثَل.»

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
मारिषO noble sir (term of address)
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अधिरथस्यof Adhiratha
अधिरथस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअधिरथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
वाचःwords
वाचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
युद्धाभिनन्दिनःof the one who delights in battle
युद्धाभिनन्दिनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्धाभिनन्दिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शल्यःShalya
शल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
कर्णO Karna
कर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निदर्शनम्an illustration/example
निदर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिदर्शन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचःspeech/statement
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sanjaya)
कर्ण (Karna)
शल्य (Shalya)
अधिरथ (Adhiratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames ethical persuasion: Shalya prepares to guide Karna through a nidarśana (illustrative example), implying that counsel in war should be grounded in reflective instruction rather than mere martial enthusiasm.

Sanjaya reports to the king that after hearing Karna’s war-approving words, Shalya speaks again to Karna, introducing an instructive example that will shape the ensuing advice.