Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

ततो रथस्थ: परवीरहन्ता भीष्मद्रोणावस्तवीर्यों समीक्ष्य । समुज्ज्वलद्‌्भास्करपावका भो वैकर्तनोडसौ रथकुञ्जरो नूप,नरेश्वर! तदनन्तर प्रकाशमान सूर्य और अग्निके समान तेजस्वी, शत्रुवीरोंका संहार करनेमें समर्थ एवं रथपर बैठा हुआ रथिश्रेष्ठ कर्ण यह देखकर कि भीष्म और द्रोणाचार्यके पराक्रमका लोप हो गया, अर्जुनके अलौकिक कर्मका चिन्तन करके अभिमान और दर्पसे दग्ध हो उठा तथा क्रोधसे चलता हुआ-सा लंबी-लंबी साँस खींचने लगा। उस समय उसने शल्यको सम्बोधित करके कहा--

tato rathasthaḥ paravīrahantā bhīṣmadroṇāv astavīryau samīkṣya | samujjvalad-bhāskarapāvakābho vaikartano 'sau rathakuñjaro nṛpa naraśreṣṭha tad-anantaraṃ prakāśamānaḥ sūrya-agnike samāna-tejasvī śatruvīra-saṃhāra-samarthaḥ rathopaviṣṭo rathiśreṣṭhaḥ karṇaḥ etad dṛṣṭvā yathā bhīṣma-drona-parākramasya lopo jātaḥ arjunasya alaukika-karma-cintanena abhimāna-darpadagdhaḥ krodhena calann iva dīrgha-dīrghaṃ niśvāsān ākṛṣya śalyam abravīt—

قال سانجيا: حينئذٍ إنَّ كارنا—واقفًا على عربته، قاتلَ أبطالِ الأعداء، متوهِّجًا كالشمس والنار—رأى أن بأسَ بهيشما ودرونا قد بلغ نهايته. وإذ تأمّل أعمال أرجونا الخارقة، احترق بالكبرياء والغرور؛ وكأنما يرتجف من الغضب أخذ يجرّ أنفاسًا طويلةً ثقيلة. وفي تلك اللحظة توجّه إلى شاليا وخاطبه قائلاً—

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
रथस्थःstanding/being on the chariot
रथस्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरथस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परवीरहन्ताslayer of enemy-heroes
परवीरहन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरवीरहन्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीष्मद्रोणौBhishma and Drona
भीष्मद्रोणौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
अस्तवीर्यौwhose prowess was gone; bereft of strength
अस्तवीर्यौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्तवीर्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
समीक्ष्यhaving observed
समीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-ईक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
समुज्ज्वलत्blazing, shining forth
समुज्ज्वलत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-उद्-√ज्वल्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भास्करपावकाभःsun-and-fire-like (in radiance)
भास्करपावकाभः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभास्करपावकाभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैकर्तनःVaikartana (Karna)
वैकर्तनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैकर्तन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असौthat (man), he
असौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसद् (pronoun base: अदस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथकुञ्जरःthe chariot-elephant (mighty chariot-warrior)
रथकुञ्जरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेश्वरO lord of men
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa (Vaikartana)
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
A
Arjuna
Ś
Śalya
C
chariot (ratha)
S
sun (bhāskara/sūrya)
F
fire (pāvaka/agni)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how pride and wounded ego can inflame anger even in a great warrior. Karṇa’s brilliance is compared to sun and fire, yet his inner state is ‘burnt’ by abhimāna and darpa—suggesting that ethical steadiness and self-mastery are as crucial as martial power.

Sañjaya describes Karṇa on his chariot noticing that Bhīṣma and Droṇa are no longer active (their prowess has ended). Thinking of Arjuna’s exceptional exploits, Karṇa becomes agitated—breathing heavily in anger—and then turns to address his charioteer Śalya.