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Shloka 28

Karṇa-parva Adhyāya 20 — Yudhiṣṭhira–Duryodhana Encounter and Escalation of Arms

समभ्यधावन्त भृशं कालदण्डैरिवोद्यतै: । नर्दन्तश्नाह्नयन्तश्न प्रवल्गन्तश्न मारिष,माननीय नरेश! कमर कसे, कवच बाँधे तथा शिरस्त्राण एवं आभूषण धारण किये हुए महाबली योद्धा गरजते, उछलते-कूदते और एक-दूसरेको ललकारते हुए कालदण्डके समान गदा, मूसल और परिघ उठाये परस्पर धावा बोल रहे थे

saṃabhyadhāvanta bhṛśaṃ kāladaṇḍair ivodyataiḥ | nardantaś cāhvayantaś ca pravalgaṃtaś ca māriṣa ||

Sañjaya said: “O venerable king, the mighty warriors—having tightened their waist-belts, fastened their armour, and donned helmets and ornaments—roared aloud, leapt and surged forward, and challenged one another as they charged. With clubs, pestles, and iron bars raised high like the very rods of Death, they rushed upon each other with fierce intent.”

सम्together, completely
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
अभ्यधावन्तran towards, charged
अभ्यधावन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
भृशम्violently, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
कालदण्डैःwith death-staffs (like Yama's rod)
कालदण्डैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकालदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उद्यतैःraised, uplifted
उद्यतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नर्दन्तःroaring
नर्दन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनर्द्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
आह्वयन्तःcalling/challenging
आह्वयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआह्वा
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रवल्गन्तःleaping about, bounding
प्रवल्गन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रवल्ग्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
मारिषO noble one / sir
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
G
gadā (mace)
M
muśala (pestle/bludgeon)
P
parigha (iron bar)
K
kāladaṇḍa (rod of Death/Yama’s staff, metaphor)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the terrifying momentum of war: when martial fury rises, weapons become ‘kāladaṇḍa’—instruments of death. It implicitly warns how quickly human agency can turn into destructive inevitability, even under the banner of kṣatriya duty.

Sañjaya describes a close-quarters clash: armoured, helmeted warriors roar, leap, and challenge each other while charging with heavy blunt weapons—maces, pestles, and iron bars—raised high, likened to the rod of Death.