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Shloka 8

अध्याय ३१ — द्रोणानीके तुमुलसंग्रामः

The Tumultuous Battle around Droṇa’s Formation

यं यं प्रमथते द्रोण: पञ्चालानां रथव्रजम्‌ | तत्र तत्र तु पाज्चाल्यो धृष्टद्युम्नो5भ्यवर्तत,पांचालोंके जिस-जिस रथसमुदायको द्रोणाचार्य मथ डालनेका प्रयत्न करते, वहाँ-वहाँ पांचालराजकुमार धृष्टद्युम्न उनका सामना करनेके लिये आ जाता था

sañjaya uvāca | yaṃ yaṃ pramathate droṇaḥ pañcālānāṃ rathavrajam | tatra tatra tu pāñcālyo dhṛṣṭadyumno 'bhyavartata ||

قال سنجيا: حيثما سعى درونا إلى سحق تجمعات عربات البانچالا، كان الأمير البانچالي دْهريشْتاديومنَ يتقدّم مرارًا هناك لملاقاته. ويبرز هذا المشهد مجابهةً لا تلين—قوة تُجابَه بقوة، وكل هجوم يُردّ بوقفة مقصودة—في خضم واجبات ساحة القتال القاسية وخصوماتها.

यम्whom/which
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यम्whom/which (again; distributive)
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रमथतेcrushes/agitates/overpowers
प्रमथते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + मथ्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्रोणःDrona
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चालानाम्of the Panchalas
पञ्चालानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चाल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
रथव्रजम्the mass/troop of chariots
रथव्रजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथव्रज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere (again; distributive)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पाञ्चाल्यःthe Panchala prince (Panchala-born)
पाञ्चाल्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपाञ्चाल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धृष्टद्युम्नःDhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यवर्ततapproached/advanced against (confronted)
अभ्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + वृत्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
P
Pāñcālas
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
R
ratha-vraja (chariot formation)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores steadfastness and responsibility in conflict: when a powerful aggressor presses an attack, a leader must respond promptly to protect his forces. Ethically, it reflects kṣatriya-dharma—meeting challenge directly—while also showing how war compels repeated cycles of escalation and counter-escalation.

Droṇa repeatedly attacks and tries to break the Pāñcāla chariot-groups. Each time, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāñcāla prince and commander, advances to meet Droṇa, positioning himself wherever the pressure is greatest.