Shloka 45
Devanagari script
संजय उवाच एवमादीनि वाक्यानि क्रूराणि परुषाणि च
Transliteration
sañjaya uvāca evamādīni vākyāni krūrāṇi paruṣāṇi ca
Translation
قال سَنْجَايَا: هكذا قيلت كلمات من هذا القبيل—قاسيةً غليظة—تكشف أنّه في لهيب الحرب وغضبها تصبح الكلمة نفسها سلاحًا يجرح ويُهين، مبتعدةً عن ضبط النفس وعن السلوك الموافق للدارما.
Word by Word
संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवम्-आदीनिsuch and similar (beginning with 'thus')
एवम्-आदीनि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएवम्-आदि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
वाक्यानिwords; statements
वाक्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
क्रूराणिcruel
क्रूराणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रूर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
परुषाणिharsh; rough
परुषाणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the ethical decline that occurs when speech turns cruel and harsh; even in conflict, unrestrained, wounding words are portrayed as a moral failing that departs from dharma and self-control.
Sañjaya, as narrator, reports that statements of a cruel and harsh kind were spoken—setting the tone for a tense exchange or escalation in the war narrative where verbal aggression accompanies physical violence.