Shloka 21

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच त॑ तदाभिप्रशंसन्तमर्जुनं कुपितस्तदा

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | taṁ tadābhipraśaṁsantam arjunaṁ kupitas tadā |

Translation

قال سانجيا: «عندئذٍ إن أرجونا—وهو يُشاد به—غضب غضبًا شديدًا.»

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• अभिप्रशंसन्तम्: praising (highly)
• अभिप्रशंसन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-प्र-शंस्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अर्जुनम्: Arjuna
• अर्जुनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कुपितः: angry
• कुपितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुपित
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तदा: at that time
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how praise and public acclaim can inflame emotion in a warrior context; even commendation may catalyze anger and intensified determination, raising questions about self-mastery and the ethical management of wrath in dharmic warfare.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates a moment where Arjuna, while being extolled, becomes angry. It marks an emotional turn in the battle narrative, preparing for a forceful response or escalation in action.