Shloka 33
Droṇa’s Withdrawal, Death, and the Kaurava Rout (द्रोणनिधन-प्रसङ्गः)
Devanagari script
तेन प्रकाशेन दिवं गतेन सम्बोधिता देवगणाश्न राजन्
Transliteration
tena prakāśena divaṃ gatena sambodhitā devagaṇāś ca rājan
Translation
قال سنجيا: أيها الملك، بذلك النور الذي ارتفع إلى السماء أُيقِظت جموع الآلهة وتنبّهت.
Word by Word
तेनby that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रकाशेनby the light/illumination
प्रकाशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दिवम्to heaven/sky
दिवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतेनgone (having gone)
गतेन:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
सम्बोधिताwere awakened/roused
सम्बोधिता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + बुध्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
देवगणाःthe hosts of gods
देवगणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नindeed/also (particle)
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaR
Rājan (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)D
Devagaṇāḥ (hosts of gods)D
Divaṃ (heaven/sky)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse frames battlefield events as having cosmic moral weight: when human action becomes extreme, it is portrayed as drawing the notice of divine beings, implying that war and adharma are not merely political but ethically and cosmically consequential.
Sañjaya reports to the king that a powerful radiance rose up to the heavens, and by that sign the assembled gods were awakened/alerted—indicating a moment of extraordinary intensity on the battlefield.