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Shloka 18

अन्धकार-रजःसंमूढे रणाङ्गणे प्रदीपप्रकाशः | Illumination of the Army in Darkness and Dust

त॑ पराड्मुखमालोक्य पदातिं सूतनन्दनम्‌ | कौन्तेयशरसंछन्न॑ राजा दुर्योधनो<ब्रवीत्‌,सूतपुत्र कर्णको युद्धसे विमुख, पैदल तथा भीमसेनके बाणोंसे आच्छादित देखकर राजा दुर्योधन अपने सैनिकोंसे बोला--

taṁ parāṅmukham ālokya padātiṁ sūtanandanam | kaunteyaśarasaṁchannaṁ rājā duryodhano 'bravīt ||

قال سانجيا: لما رأى الملك دوريوذانا كَرْنَةَ، ابن السُّوتا (سائق العربة)، وقد ولّى وجهه وانخرط في القتال راجلاً، وجسده مغطّى بسهام ابن كونتي، خاطبه. وفي توتّر الحرب الأخلاقي تحمل كلمات الملك استعجالاً وتوبيخاً معاً، كأنها تستدعي المحارب المشهور إلى الثبات والواجب وسط فوضى التراجع والجراح.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पराङ्मुखम्turned away; facing away
पराङ्मुखम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आलोक्यhaving seen
आलोक्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआलोक्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
पदातिम्the foot-soldier
पदातिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सूतनन्दनम्the charioteer’s son (Karna)
सूतनन्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूतनन्दन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कौन्तेयशरसंछन्नम्covered with the arrows of the son of Kunti (Arjuna)
कौन्तेयशरसंछन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकौन्तेय-शर-संछन्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle) from √छद्/छद् (to cover) with सम्-
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said; spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
K
Karṇa (Sūtanandana/Sūtaputra)
A
Arjuna (Kaunteya)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical pressure of kṣatriya duty in war: a leader expects steadfastness from a champion, and retreat—especially when wounded and disordered—becomes a moment where honor, responsibility, and resolve are tested.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana sees Karṇa turned away and fighting on foot, covered with Arjuna’s arrows, and then Duryodhana speaks to him—setting up a confrontation or exhortation aimed at restoring Karṇa’s fighting stance and confidence.