Shloka 20
भीमसेननादः तथा प्रथमसंमर्दः
Bhīmasena’s Roar and the First Clash
गुणानेतानतीत्य त्रीन् देही देहसमुद्धवान् । जन्ममृत्युजरादु:खैरविंमुक्तो5मृतम श्ुते
arjuna uvāca | guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto 'mṛtam aśnute ||
قال أرجونا: حين يتجاوز الكائنُ المتجسِّد هذه الغونات الثلاث—المنبثقة من طبيعة الجسد—يتحرّر من الولادة والموت والشيخوخة ومن عبء المعاناة كلّه، ويبلغ حالة الخلود. وفي الإطار الأخلاقي للـ«غيتا» يشير ذلك إلى تحرّرٍ باطني: يعمل المرء من غير أن تحكمه قوى الطبيعة المتقلّبة، فينال حريةً دائمة لا مكاسبَ عابرة.
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The core teaching is that liberation comes from transcending the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—which govern embodied experience. When one is no longer driven by these qualities, one becomes free from the cycle marked by birth, death, aging, and suffering, and attains the ‘deathless’ state (amṛta), i.e., mokṣa.
In the dialogue on the battlefield, Arjuna is questioning the nature of spiritual freedom. Here he articulates (and prompts clarification of) the idea that the embodied self can go beyond the guṇas that arise with bodily existence, and that such transcendence results in release from existential suffering and attainment of immortality.