Shloka 23
तमोगुण-निरूपण
Analysis of Tamas and its Marks
स्थावराणि च भूतानि पशवो वाहनानि च । क्रव्यादा दन््दशूकाश्न कृमिकीटविहंगमा:
sthāvarāṇi ca bhūtāni paśavo vāhanāni ca | kravyādā daṃśūka-aśnī kṛmi-kīṭa-vihaṅgamāḥ ||
قال فايُو-ديفا: «جميع الكائنات—الثابتة التي لا تتحرك، والبهائم، وحتى ما يُتَّخذ ركائب ووسائل حمل—ومعها آكلات اللحم، والحيات العاضّة، وسائر أصناف الديدان والحشرات والطيور: كلّ ذلك داخلٌ أيضًا (في هذا النطاق).»
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse expands the moral and philosophical field to include every category of living being—immobile life, animals, mounts, predators, snakes, worms, insects, and birds—implying that dharma and ethical consideration are not limited to humans or ‘noble’ creatures.
Vāyu-deva is speaking and enumerates classes of beings to clarify that the topic under discussion applies universally across life-forms, including those commonly feared (snakes) or disregarded (worms and insects).