Shloka 19
तमोगुण-निरूपण
Analysis of Tamas and its Marks
वृथारम्भा हि ये केचिद् वृथा दानानि यानि च । वृथा भक्षणमित्येतत् तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते
vṛthārambhā hi ye kecid vṛthā dānāni yāni ca | vṛthā bhakṣaṇam ity etat tāmasaṁ vṛttam iṣyate ||
قال فايُو: «كلُّ ما يُشرَع فيه عبثًا، وكلُّ عطاءٍ يُبذَل عبثًا، وكلُّ أكلٍ يكون عبثًا—فذلك سلوكٌ يُعَدّ تامَسِيًّا (tāmasa).» ومن جهة الأخلاق، هي أفعال تُؤدَّى بلا نظامٍ ولا توقير: كأن يُعطى دون مراعاة الزمان والمكان والمستحق، أو يُؤكل دون أن يُكرَّم الإله والضيف أولًا. ولأنها تفتقر إلى قصدٍ واعٍ وإلى توجّهٍ نحو الدارما، عُدَّت من التامَس.
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
Actions become tamasic when they are done ‘in vain’—without proper purpose, rule (vidhi), and reverence (śraddhā). Beginning projects heedlessly, giving charity without considering time/place/recipient, and eating without honoring the divine and guests are cited as examples of such deluded conduct.
Vāyudeva is instructing the listener on ethical classification of behavior by the guṇas, identifying certain careless forms of action, charity, and eating as tamasic because they disregard dharmic propriety and mindful intention.