Shloka 10
Adhyāya 26 — Ekākṣara-Brahman (“Om”) and the Hṛdayastha Guru
Inner Teacher
असुराणां प्रवृत्तस्तु दम्भभाव: स्वभावज: । दानं॑ देवा व्यवसिता दममेव महर्षय:
asurāṇāṁ pravṛttas tu dambhabhāvaḥ svabhāvajāḥ | dānaṁ devā vyavasitā damam eva maharṣayaḥ ||
وأمّا الآسورا فنهضت فيهم نزعةٌ فطرية إلى الكِبْر والتزيّي بالباطل. واتّخذت الدِّيفا «الدّانا»—السخاء والعطاء—سبيلاً لها، بينما أخذ المها رِشي «الدَّمَ»—ضبط النفس—وحده. وهكذا، من تعليمٍ واحد، تجلّت طبائع شتّى في التزاماتٍ أخلاقية متباينة.
ब्राह्मण उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse contrasts ethical orientations: Devas choose dāna (generosity), sages choose dama (self-restraint), while Asuras naturally incline toward dambha (vain, hypocritical display). It highlights how svabhāva (innate disposition) shapes one’s response to instruction and one’s chosen virtue.
A brāhmaṇa explains that after a teaching was considered, different classes of beings manifested characteristic tendencies: Asuras displayed arrogance/pretence, Devas committed to giving, and great sages committed to restraint—showing divergent moral outcomes from the same context.