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Shloka 12

Go-apahāra (Cattle Theft), Go-dāna (Cow-Gift), and Suvarṇa-dakṣiṇā (Gold Fee): Karmic Consequence and Purificatory Merit

अपश्यत्‌ परिमार्गश्ष तां गां परगृहे द्विज: । ममेयमिति चोवाच ब्राह्णो यस्य साभवत्‌,“कुछ दिनों बाद जब वह ब्राह्मण परदेशसे लौटा, तब अपनी गाय हढूँढ़ने लगा। ढूँढ़ते- ढूँढ़ते जब वह गाय उसे दूसरेके घर मिली, तब उस ब्राह्मणने, जिसकी वह गौ पहले थी, उस दूसरे ब्राह्मणसे कहा--'यह गाय तो मेरी है”

apaśyat parimārgamāṇaḥ tāṃ gāṃ paragṛhe dvijaḥ | mamaiyam iti covāca brāhmaṇo yasya sābhavat ||

وبعد أيام، لما عاد ذلك البراهمن من البلاد البعيدة، أخذ يبحث عن بقرته. وبينما هو يتتبع أثرها وجدها في بيت رجلٍ آخر. فقال البراهمن الذي كانت البقرة له في الأصل لذلك البراهمن الآخر: «هذه البقرة لي.»

अपश्यत्saw
अपश्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
परिमार्गन्searching
परिमार्गन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरिमार्ग्
Formशतृ (Present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्that (her)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गाम्cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
परगृहेin another's house
परगृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
द्विजःthe brahmin (twice-born)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
इयम्this (she)
इयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलिट् (Perfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःthe brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यस्यwhose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
साshe (that cow)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्was / belonged
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
a Brahmin (original owner)
A
another Brahmin (in whose house the cow is found)
C
cow

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up an ethical conflict about rightful ownership and truthful claim: when one finds one’s property in another’s possession, dharma requires a clear assertion of truth (“this is mine”) while the situation calls for a righteous method of resolution rather than force or deceit.

A Brahmin returns from abroad, searches for his missing cow, discovers it in another person’s home, and formally claims it by telling the other Brahmin that the cow belongs to him.