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Shloka 39

अहिंसयित्वा ब्रह्महत्याविधानम् / Brahmahatyā incurred without physical violence

गामश्चृ वित्तमन्नं वा तद्विधे प्रतिपादयेत्‌ । द्रव्याणि चान्यानि तथा प्रेत्यभावे न शोचति,अतः ऐसे गुणवान्‌ पुरुषको ही गाय, घोड़ा, अन्न, धन तथा दूसरे पदार्थ देने चाहिये। ऐसा करनेसे दाताको मरनेके बाद पश्चात्ताप नहीं करना पड़ता

gām aśvaṁ vittam annaṁ vā tadvidhe pratipādayet | dravyāṇi cānyāni tathā pretyabhāve na śocati ||

قال بهيشما: ينبغي أن تُمنَح الأبقارُ وفرسٌ واحدٌ والمالُ والطعامُ وسائرُ ما شابه ذلك لمن كان أهلاً للاستحقاق. فمَن أعطى على هذا الوجه لا يقع في الندم بعد الموت؛ إذ تكون الصدقةُ الموجَّهةُ إلى موضعها حرزًا من الحسرة بعد الرحيل وتوكيدًا للسلوك الموافق للدارما.

गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
also / further (particle; here as part of sandhi in the transmitted text)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वित्तम्wealth, money
वित्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवित्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
तद्विधेto one of that kind (a worthy person of that type)
तद्विधे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootतद्विध
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
प्रतिपादयेत्should give / should bestow
प्रतिपादयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति+पद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्रव्याणिgoods, substances
द्रव्याणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यानिother
अन्यानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
तथाlikewise, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
प्रेत्यhaving died / after departing (from this world)
प्रेत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र+इ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), avyaya
अभावेin non-existence; after death; in the state of being gone
अभावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोचतिgrieves, regrets
शोचति:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
cow (go)
H
horse (aśva)
W
wealth (vitta)
F
food (anna)
G
goods/valuables (dravya)

Educational Q&A

Charity should be directed to a worthy recipient (pātra). Giving valuable items—cows, horses, wealth, food, and other goods—when properly placed becomes a dharmic act that prevents remorse after death.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma continues advising on the ethics of giving: he specifies exemplary gifts and emphasizes that the donor’s peace in the hereafter depends on giving appropriately to the deserving.