Shloka 22

Devanagari script

गोदावरी च वेण्या च कृष्णवेणा तथाद्रिजा । दृषद्वती च कावेरी चक्षुर्मन्दाकिनी तथा

Transliteration

godāvarī ca veṇyā ca kṛṣṇaveṇā tathādrijā | dṛṣadvatī ca kāverī cakṣur mandākinī tathā ||

Translation

يُتابع بهيشما تلاوةَ السِّجلّ المقدّس للأنهار الطاهرة: غودافري (Godāvarī)، فينيَا (Veṇyā)، كريشنافينيَا (Kṛṣṇaveṇā)، أدريجا (Adrījā)، دريشادفتي (Dṛṣadvatī)، كافيري (Kāverī)، تشاكشو (Cakṣu)، ومانداكيني (Mandākinī). وفي السياق الأوسع، تؤدّي هذه التسمية وظيفةَ تعويذةٍ للحماية: فبذكر الآلهة والريشيّين والمواضع المقدّسة، ولا سيّما التيِرثا (tīrtha) أي مياه الحجّ المطهِّرة، ينسجم المرء مع الدارما ويلتمس التطهير والوقاية. وتحتها معنى أخلاقيّ: إنّ الذِّكر الخاشع (smaraṇa) والتواضع أمام المقدّس يعينان على ضبط النفس ونيل الثواب والسلامة.

Word by Word

• गोदावरी: the river Godāvarī
• गोदावरी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोदावरी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वेण्या: the river Veṇyā
• वेण्या: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेण्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कृष्णवेणा: the river Kṛṣṇa-veṇā (dark Veṇā / Kṛṣṇaveṇā)
• कृष्णवेणा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्णवेणा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• अद्रिजा: the river Adrījā (mountain-born)
• अद्रिजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रिजा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• दृषद्वती: the river Dṛṣadvatī
• दृषद्वती: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृषद्वती
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कावेरी: the river Kāverī
• कावेरी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कावेरी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• चक्षुः: the river Cakṣu (Cakṣuḥ)
• चक्षुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• मन्दाकिनी: the river Mandākinī
• मन्दाकिनी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्दाकिनी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Godāvarī River
• Veṇyā River
• Kṛṣṇaveṇā River
• Adrījā River
• Dṛṣadvatī River
• Kāverī River
• Cakṣu River
• Mandākinī River

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse participates in a dharmic practice of sacred remembrance: naming revered rivers and tīrthas is presented as purifying and protective. Ethically, it reinforces humility, gratitude, and alignment with dharma through honoring what sustains life and spiritual merit.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma is reciting an extended catalogue of revered beings and holy places. This particular verse continues the enumeration by listing several sacred rivers, as part of a broader protective/purificatory invocation.