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Shloka 39

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

आहिताग्निरधीयानो जुहद्दान: संयतेन्द्रिय: । विघसाशी यताहारो गृहस्थ: सत्यवाक्‌ शुचि:,गृहस्थको अग्निस्थापनपूर्वक अग्निहोत्र करनेवाला, स्वाध्यायशील, होमपरायण, जितेन्द्रिय, विधसाशी, मिताहारी, सत्यवादी और पवित्र होना चाहिये

āhitāgnir adhīyāno juhad-dānaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ | vighasāśī yatāhāro gṛhasthaḥ satyavāk śuciḥ ||

قال مهاديڤا: «ينبغي لربّ البيت أن يكون ممن أقام النيران المقدسة على وجهها وحافظ على الأَغْنِيهوترا؛ مواظبًا على السوادْهْيَايَا (تلاوة الفيدا ودراستها)؛ ملازمًا للقرابين والعطاء؛ ضابطًا للحواس؛ لا يأكل إلا ما بقي بعد القربان وبعد إطعام الضيف؛ مقتصدًا في طعامه؛ صادقَ القول؛ طاهرَ السيرة».

आहिताग्निःone who has established the sacred fires
आहिताग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआहिताग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधीयानःstudying (reciting the Veda)
अधीयानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअधि-इ (अधीते)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present active participle, parasmaipada sense)
जुहत्offering (into the fire), performing oblations
जुहत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
दानःgiver; one who gives (charity)
दानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संयतेन्द्रियःone whose senses are restrained
संयतेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंयतेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विघसाशीeating only after others/after offerings (leftovers)
विघसाशी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविघसाशिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यताहारःmoderate in food; regulated diet
यताहारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयताहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गृहस्थःhouseholder
गृहस्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यवाक्truth-speaking
सत्यवाक्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यवाच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचिःpure, clean
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Mahādeva (Śrī Maheśvara)
G
gṛhastha (householder)
Ā
āhita-agni (established sacred fires)
A
Agnihotra (implied by āhitāgni and juhat)
S
svādhyāya (implied by adhīyāna)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the ethical and ritual ideal of a gṛhastha: sustaining sacred fires and daily offerings, continuing Vedic study, practicing charity, restraining the senses, eating moderately and only after duties of offering and hospitality, speaking truth, and maintaining purity.

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing on gṛhastha-dharma within Anuśāsana Parva’s broader teachings on right conduct, listing the qualities and disciplines that make a householder’s life dharmic.