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Shloka 36

Umā–Maheśvara-saṃvāda: Varṇa-bhraṃśa, Ācāra (Vṛtta), and Karmic Ascent/Decline

गजच्छायायां पूर्वस्यां कुतपे दक्षिणामुख: । यदा भाद्रपदे मासि भवते बहुले मघा

gajacchāyāyāṃ pūrvasyāṃ kutape dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ | yadā bhādrapade māsi bhavate bahule maghā |

قال فيشفاميترا: «يا معشر الآلهة، اصغوا إلى هذا التعليم الأشدّ سرًّا في أمر الدارما. إذا كان في شهر بهادرابادا، في النصف المظلم من الشهر، وظهر نجم مَغْها، فحينئذٍ من استقبل الجنوب، ووقف في الوقت المبارك المسمّى “كوتَپَ” — حين يقع ظلّ الفيل نحو الشرق — ثم قدّم طعامًا نفيسًا هبةً وقربانًا لأجل البِتْرِ (أرواح الأسلاف)، قيل إنه ينال ثمرةً واسعة: فبذلك العطاء الواحد يُفهَم أنه قد أقام في هذا العالم شرادها (śrāddha) عظيمة للبتْرِ مدة ثلاث عشرة سنة.»

गजच्छायायाम्in the elephant’s shadow
गजच्छायायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगजच्छाया
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पूर्वस्याम्towards/in the eastern (direction)
पूर्वस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कुतपेat the kutapa time (a specific muhūrta/period)
कुतपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुतप
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दक्षिणामुखःfacing south
दक्षिणामुखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिणामुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
भाद्रपदेin (the month) Bhādrapada
भाद्रपदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभाद्रपद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मासिin the month
मासि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भवतेoccurs/is
भवते:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
बहुलेin the dark fortnight (kṛṣṇa-pakṣa)
बहुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
मघाMaghā (lunar mansion)
मघा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमघा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

विश्वामित्र उवाच

V
Viśvāmitra
D
Devas (gods)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
B
Bhādrapada (month)
M
Maghā (nakṣatra)
K
Kutapa (auspicious time period)
E
Elephant (gaja)
E
East (pūrva)
S
South (dakṣiṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that properly timed and intentioned charity—especially the gift of good food dedicated to the Pitṛs—can yield exceptionally large merit. It emphasizes dharma as disciplined giving aligned with sacred time (nakṣatra, fortnight, and muhūrta) and correct ritual orientation.

Viśvāmitra addresses the gods and reveals a confidential rule about ancestral rites: under a specific calendrical configuration (Bhādrapada, dark fortnight, Maghā) and at the kutapa time, a person facing south and standing where an elephant’s shadow falls eastward should give food as an offering for the Pitṛs; the act is praised as equivalent to sustaining a great śrāddha for thirteen years.