Next Verse

Shloka 1

Umā–Maheśvara-saṃvāda: Varṇa-bhraṃśa, Ācāra (Vṛtta), and Karmic Ascent/Decline

षड्विशवत्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: विष्णु

Bhīṣma uvāca: kena te ca bhavet prītiḥ? kathaṃ tuṣṭiṃ tu gacchasi? iti pṛṣṭaḥ surendreṇa provāca Harir Īśvaraḥ.

قال بِهِيشْما: «بمَ تنشأ مسرّتُك، وكيف يمكن أن تُرضى حقًّا؟» وهكذا، لمّا سأله سُرَيْنْدرا (إندرا)، سيّدُ الآلهة، أجاب هاري—الربُّ الأعلى. (يروي بِهِيشْما ليودهِشْثِرا حادثةً قديمةً سأل فيها إندرا فيشنو: أيُّ الأعمال تُرضيه، تمهيدًا لتعليمٍ في دقائق أسرار الدَّرْما.)

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
केनby what (means)
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेत्would arise / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रीतिःpleasure, satisfaction
प्रीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
तुष्टिम्contentment, satisfaction
तुष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतुष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तुindeed, but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गच्छसिyou go / you attain
गच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent (Lat), 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
पृष्टःhaving been asked
पृष्टः:
TypeVerb
Rootपृच्छ्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सुरेन्द्रेणby the lord of the gods (Indra)
सुरेन्द्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रोवाचsaid, spoke forth
प्रोवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
हरिःHari (Vishnu)
हरिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहरि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ईश्वरःthe Lord
ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
I
Indra (Surendra)
V
Viṣṇu (Hari, Īśvara)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: what kinds of actions and inner dispositions genuinely please the Divine. It sets up the principle that dharma is not merely ritual performance but the right conduct and intention that lead to divine approval and moral order.

Bhishma, instructing Yudhishthira, recalls an ancient dialogue: Indra asks Vishnu how Vishnu is pleased and satisfied. The verse functions as the opening to Vishnu’s forthcoming explanation of the subtle ‘secret’ of dharma.