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Shloka 24

Adhyāya 122 — Śruta-vṛtta-yukta Brāhmaṇa and the Ethics of Dāna

Maitreya–Vyāsa Saṃvāda

तिर्यग्योन्या: शूद्रताम भ्युपैति शूद्रो वैश्य॑ क्षत्रियत्वं च वैश्य: । वृत्तश्लाघी क्षत्रियो ब्राह्मणत्वं स्वर्ग पुण्यं ब्राह्मण: साधुवृत्त:

tiryagyonyāḥ śūdratām abhyupaiti śūdro vaiśyaṃ kṣatriyatvaṃ ca vaiśyaḥ | vṛttaślāghī kṣatriyo brāhmaṇatvaṃ svargaṃ puṇyaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ sādhuvṛttaḥ ||

قال فياسا: إن الكائن المولود في رحمٍ حيواني (تِرْيَغ-يوني)، إذا ارتقى في مساره صعودًا، نال أولًا حالَ الشودرَة (Śūdra). ثم ينال الشودرَةُ ولادةً بين الفيشيا (Vaiśya)، وينال الفيشيا ولادةً بين الكشاتريا (Kṣatriya)، وينال الكشاتريا—الممدوح لاستقامته وحسن سيرته—ولادةً بين البراهمة (Brāhmaṇa). ثم إن البراهمي الراسخ في السلوك الصالح يبلغ السماء ذات الثواب. ويعرض هذا المقطع الارتقاء الاجتماعي لا بوصفه منزلةً فحسب، بل مسارًا أخلاقيًا تحكمه الأعمال والفضائل المتراكمة.

तिर्यक्in an animal (non-human) state
तिर्यक्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतिर्यक्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
योन्याḥfrom the womb/species
योन्याḥ:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
शूद्रताम्the state of being a Śūdra
शूद्रताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्युपैतिattains, reaches
अभ्युपैति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ (धातु: इ)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैश्यत्वम्the state of being a Vaiśya
वैश्यत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्यत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैश्यःa Vaiśya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियत्वम्the state of being a Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रियत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वृत्तश्लाघीone who is praised for good conduct
वृत्तश्लाघी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त-श्लाघिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणत्वम्the state of being a Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुण्यम्meritorious, holy
पुण्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साधुवृत्तःof good conduct
साधुवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु-वृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
T
tiryagyoni (animal birth)
Ś
Śūdra
V
Vaiśya
K
Kṣatriya
B
Brāhmaṇa
S
Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents an ethical ladder of rebirth: upward movement from non-human birth through human social categories is linked to merit and especially to good conduct (vṛtta/ācāra). The culminating reward is not merely higher birth but the attainment of puṇya-bearing svarga for the sādhuvṛtta Brāhmaṇa.

Vyāsa is speaking in Anuśāsana Parva, giving didactic instruction about dharma and the fruits of conduct. Here he outlines a schematic progression of births—animal to Śūdra to Vaiśya to Kṣatriya to Brāhmaṇa—and then heaven for the Brāhmaṇa established in good conduct.