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Shloka 122

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

दशन्‌ वै मानुषान्नित्यं पापात्मा स विशाम्पते । धान्यकी चोरी करनेवाले मनुष्यके शरीरमें दूसरे जन्ममें बहुत-से रोएँ पैदा होते हैं। प्रजानाथ! जो मानव तिलके चूर्णसे मिश्रित भोजनकी चोरी करता है, वह नेवलेके समान आकारवाला भयानक चूहा होता है तथा वह पापी सदा मनुष्योंको काटा करता है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | daśan vai mānuṣān nityaṃ pāpātmā sa viśāṃpate |

قال يودهيشثيرا: «يا سيّدَ الناس، إنّ ذلك الكائنَ ذا النفسِ الآثمة—مهما كانت الحالُ التي يُولَدُ فيها—يظلّ يعضُّ البشرَ على الدوام». وفي هذا الموضع (كما تُفصِّله التعاليمُ المحيطة به) يستجلي يودهيشثيرا ويعرضُ المبدأَ الأخلاقيَّ القائلَ إنّ السرقة—ولا سيّما سرقةَ الأقواتِ الضروريةِ ولوازمِ البيت—تنضجُ عاقبتُها في ولاداتٍ مؤلمةٍ مُهينة. ويُصوَّرُ العقابُ عبر تجسّداتٍ حيوانيةٍ رمزية: فالصورةُ المقبلةُ تعكسُ أذى الفعلِ وخُفيّتَه، وليست النتيجةُ مجرّدَ لومٍ اجتماعيّ، بل تحوّلٌ كرميّ يجعلُ المذنبَ مُعذِّبًا دائمًا للبشر.

दशन्biting
दशन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदश्
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
मानुषान्humans, men
मानुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नित्यंalways
नित्यं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
पापात्माa sinful-souled one
पापात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपापात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशाम्of the people
विशाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पतेO lord
पते:
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
viśāṃpati (addressed king/lord of the people)
H
human beings (mānuṣa)
G
ghee (ghṛta)
F
fish (matsya)
M
meat (māṃsa)
S
salt (lavaṇa)
M
mouse/rat (contextual from gloss)
C
crow (contextual from gloss)

Educational Q&A

The passage underscores karmic moral causality: theft—especially of basic sustenance—produces severe consequences, depicted as degrading rebirths and ongoing suffering. The ethical point is that taking what sustains others violates dharma and returns as a life marked by fear, harm, and loss of human dignity.

Within Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Yudhiṣṭhira speaks to a kingly figure (‘viśāṃpati’), voicing or eliciting a rule-like statement about a sinner who continually bites humans. The surrounding exposition (as reflected in the provided gloss) elaborates this as a catalogue of thefts and their karmic rebirth-results.