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Shloka 5

Jaratkāru-nirukti and Parīkṣit’s forest encounter (जরত्कारुनिरुक्तिः—परिक्षिद्वनप्रसङ्गः)

तप्यमानं तपो घोरं त॑ ददर्श पितामह: । संशुष्कमांसत्वक्स्नायुं जटाचीरधरं मुनिम्‌,ब्रह्माजीने देखा, शेषनाग घोर तप कर रहे हैं। उनके शरीरका मांस, त्वचा और नाड़ियाँ सूख गयी हैं। वे सिरपर जटा और शरीरपर वल्कल वस्त्र धारण किये मुनिवृत्तिसे रहते हैं। उनमें सच्चा धैर्य है और वे निरन्तर तपमें संलग्न हैं। यह सब देखकर ब्रह्माजी उनके पास आये और बोले--'शेष! तुम यह क्या कर रहे हो? समस्त प्रजाका कल्याण करो

tapyamānaṃ tapo ghoraṃ taṃ dadarśa pitāmahaḥ | saṃśuṣkamāṃsatvak-snāvyuṃ jaṭācīradharaṃ munim ||

قال شاونَكا: أبصر الجدّ الأكبر (براهما Brahmā) شِيشا وهو منغمس في تقشّفٍ رهيب—قد يبست لحمه وجلده وأوتاره، يلبس شعرًا مُلبّدًا (جَطا) وثياب اللحاء، عائشًا عيشةَ الناسك. فلما رأى صبرًا لا يتزعزع وانصرافًا دائمًا إلى التوبة والزهد، دنا منه براهما وخاطبه، حاثًّا إيّاه أن يوجّه تلك القوّة لخير جميع الكائنات لا إلى قسوةٍ تلتهم صاحبها.

तप्यमानम्being heated/tormented; undergoing austerity
तप्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतप् (धातु) → तप्यमान (वर्तमान-कर्तरि/कर्मणि कृदन्त, शतृ/शानच्-प्रायः कर्मणि)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible, severe
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्him
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददर्शsaw
ददर्श:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular
पितामहःthe Grandfather (Brahmā)
पितामहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संशुष्क-मांस-त्वक्-स्नायुम्whose flesh, skin, and sinews were dried up
संशुष्क-मांस-त्वक्-स्नायुम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशुष्क + मांस + त्वच् + स्नायु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जटा-चीर-धरम्wearing matted locks and bark-cloth
जटा-चीर-धरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजटा + चीर + धर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मुनिम्the sage
मुनिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

शौनक उवाच

Ś
Śaunaka
P
Pitāmaha (Brahmā)
Ś
Śeṣa (Ananta, implied by the narrative context)
T
tapas (austerity)
J
jaṭā (matted locks)
C
cīra/valkala (bark-garment)

Educational Q&A

Austerity (tapas) gains power, but its highest dharmic use is not self-harm or mere display of endurance; it should be directed toward the welfare and stability of the world. Brahmā’s intervention frames tapas as responsibility—spiritual strength must serve lokasaṃgraha (the good of all beings).

Śaunaka narrates that Brahmā (the Grandsire) notices an ascetic—understood here as Śeṣa—performing extremely harsh penance, emaciated and clad in ascetic attire. Moved by the severity and its implications, Brahmā approaches to question him and to redirect his effort toward universal well-being.