Shloka 15

Preta-Mokṣa Upāya: Svapna-Lakṣaṇa, Pitṛ-Doṣa, and Prescribed Rites

Kṛṣṇa-bali & Nārāyaṇa-bali

Devanagari script

निवारयन्ति तृप्तास्ते जायमानानुकम्पकाः / पश्चात्ते मुक्तिमायन्ति काले प्राप्ते स्वपुत्रतः / सदा बन्धुषु यच्छन्ति वृद्धिमृद्धिं खगाधिप

Transliteration

nivārayanti tṛptāste jāyamānānukampakāḥ / paścātte muktimāyanti kāle prāpte svaputrataḥ / sadā bandhuṣu yacchanti vṛddhimṛddhiṃ khagādhipa

Translation

يا سيّد الطير، إذا رَضُوا (بالشعائر والقرابين) فإنّ أولئك الرحماء يحمون المولودين حديثاً في الأسرة. ثم إذا جاء الأوان نالوا هم أنفسهم الموكشا بفضل أبنائهم؛ ويمنحون أقاربهم دائماً النماء والرخاء.

Word by Word

• निवारयन्ति: prevent, ward off
• निवारयन्ति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + वॄ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• तृप्ताः: satisfied
• तृप्ताः: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• जायमान: being born, arising
• जायमान: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जन् (धातु) + शानच् (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शानच्-प्रत्यय (present participle, आत्मनेपद-भाव), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• अनुकम्पकाः: compassionate
• अनुकम्पकाः: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनु + कम्प् (धातु) + ण्वुल्/क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्तरि-निष्पन्न विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• पश्चात्: afterwards
• पश्चात्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पश्चात् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb of time)

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• मुक्तिम्: liberation
• मुक्तिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आयान्ति: attain/come to
• आयान्ति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + या (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• काले: at the time
• काले: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्राप्ते: when (the time) has arrived
• प्राप्ते: Adhikaraṇa (Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + आप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)

• स्वपुत्रतः: from one’s own son
• स्वपुत्रतः: Apādāna (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्व + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (स्वस्य पुत्रः) + तस्-प्रत्यय; अव्यय (ablatival adverb)

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb of time)

• बन्धुषु: among relatives
• बन्धुषु: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• यच्छन्ति: grant, bestow
• यच्छन्ति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• वृद्धिम्: increase, growth
• वृद्धिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ऋद्धिम्: prosperity
• ऋद्धिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• खगाधिप: O lord of birds
• खगाधिप: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खग + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (खगानाम् अधिपः), पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: ‘Kāle prāpte’—at the proper prescribed time in the post-death sequence culminating in sapinḍīkaraṇa; also ongoing annual śrāddha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Pitṛ-tṛpti yields tangible guardianship and prosperity; descendants (especially sons in the text’s social frame) become instruments for ancestors’ eventual release through proper rites.

Vedantic Theme: Ṛṇa (ancestral debt) and continuity of dharma across generations; liberation framed as facilitated by dharmic actions of descendants rather than isolated individualism.

Application: Perform śrāddha and family rites consistently; welcome newborns with protective samskāras and remembrance of ancestors; cultivate prosperity through dharmic living and generosity.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana on pitṛs protecting progeny when satisfied; Garuda Purana on the role of putra in pitṛ-gati and śrāddha efficacy

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Pitris
• Putra (son/offspring)
• Bandhus (relatives)

FAQs

What is the importance of satisfying the Pitris in the Garuda Purana?

This verse says that when Pitris are satisfied through offerings, they become compassionate protectors of the family—especially of newborns—and they grant ongoing growth and prosperity to relatives.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul and liberation?

It links liberation to the proper time and to one’s progeny, implying that righteous family duties and the continuation of prescribed rites by sons support the departed’s onward journey toward release.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain śrāddha/tarpaṇa and ethical family responsibility; honoring ancestors is presented here as a dharmic act that supports family wellbeing and remembrance across generations.