Shloka 16

Devotpatti-nirūpaṇa — Hari’s Pūrṇatva

Completeness) and the Ritual Doctrine of Sāra (Essence

कल्याणास्ते सारभोक्तार एव नैषां भवेत्तेन दुः खाभिवृद्धिः / भुञ्जन्ति ये वैश्वदेवं विहाय दुष्टांस्तान्वै भुक्तिचिन्त्तांश्च विद्धि

kalyāṇāste sārabhoktāra eva naiṣāṃ bhavettena duḥ khābhivṛddhiḥ / bhuñjanti ye vaiśvadevaṃ vihāya duṣṭāṃstānvai bhukticinttāṃśca viddhi

مباركون حقًّا أولئك الذين لا يتناولون إلا جوهرَ القوت؛ فلا سببَ عندهم لازديادِ العذاب. أمّا الذين يأكلون مُهمِلين قُربانَ الـVaiśvadeva، فاعلمْ أنهم أشرار، تسوقهم الهواجس والافتتان بالطعام واللذة.

कल्याणाःauspicious/fortunate
कल्याणाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकल्याण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun)
सारभोक्तारःenjoyers of the essence
सारभोक्तारः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसार-भोक्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (सारं भोक्तारः)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (only/indeed)
not
:
Nishedha (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
एषाम्of these/of them
एषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun)
भवेत्would be/should occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तेनthereby/for that reason
तेन:
Hetu/Karana (हेतु/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/हेतु), एकवचन (pronoun)
दुःखाभिवृद्धिःincrease of sorrow
दुःखाभिवृद्धिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख-अभिवृद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (दुःखस्य अभिवृद्धिः)
भुञ्जन्तिthey partake/enjoy
भुञ्जन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
येwho
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (relative pronoun)
वैश्वदेवम्the Vaiśvadeva offering/rite
वैश्वदेवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
विहायhaving abandoned
विहाय:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; ‘having abandoned’
दुष्टान्wicked ones
दुष्टान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (used substantively)
तान्them
तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun)
वैindeed
वै:
Nishcaya (निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक अव्यय (indeed)
भुक्तिचिन्तान्those anxious about enjoyment
भुक्तिचिन्तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभुक्ति-चिन्ता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (भुक्तेः चिन्ता)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (and)
विद्धिknow (them to be)
विद्धि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Moderation (sāra-bhojana) prevents duḥkha वृद्धि; eating without offering (Vaiśvadeva) is adharma rooted in bhoga-cintā.

Vedantic Theme: Preyas-driven attachment to taste binds; śreyas lies in restraint and offering (yajña-bhāva) that purifies consumption.

Application: Adopt mindful eating: take only what is needed; begin meals with a small offering/prayer and remembrance of shared sustenance.

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: household (gṛha)

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.14.17 (special rule of Vaiśvadeva); Garuda Purana 3.14.18 (Vishnu as inner enjoyer)

V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
D
Devas

FAQs

This verse treats Vaiśvadeva as a required act of dharma that sanctifies eating; neglecting it turns one’s meal into self-centered consumption, generating demerit and future suffering.

It states that moderate, essential eating (sāra-bhoktāraḥ) avoids the growth of duḥkha, while neglecting offerings and eating for pleasure reflects a tamasic mindset that accrues harmful karma.

Eat with restraint, share or offer a portion before eating (as prayer/naivedya/feeding others), and avoid compulsive indulgence—turning meals into gratitude and duty rather than obsession.