Shloka 22

Śrāddha Vidhi: Kāla (Timing), Pātra (Recipient), and Karma (Procedure) for Pitṛ-tarpaṇa and Piṇḍa

Devanagari script

तदन्नं विकिरेद्भूमौ दद्याच्चापः सकृत्सकृत् / सर्वमन्नमुपादाय सतिलं दक्षिणामुखः

Transliteration

tadannaṃ vikiredbhūmau dadyāccāpaḥ sakṛtsakṛt / sarvamannamupādāya satilaṃ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

Translation

ينبغي أن ينثر ذلك الطعام على الأرض، وأن يقدّم الماء مرّة بعد مرّة. ثم يجمع الطعام كلّه مع السمسم، ويتوجّه بوجهه إلى الجنوب ليؤدّي القربان.

Word by Word

• tad: that
• tad: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (here qualifying annaṃ)

• annaṃ: food
• annaṃ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• vikiret: should scatter
• vikiret: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√kir (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• bhūmau: on the ground
• bhūmau: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• dadyāt: should give
• dadyāt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• āpaḥ: water
• āpaḥ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ap (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), बहुवचन (pluralia tantum)

• sakṛt: once
• sakṛt: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sakṛt (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/आवृत्तिबोधक-अव्यय (adverb)

• sakṛt: again/once more
• sakṛt: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sakṛt (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/आवृत्तिबोधक-अव्यय (adverb)

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (qualifying annam)

• annam: food
• annam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• upādāya: having taken
• upādāya: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-ā-√dā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• satilam: with sesame
• satilam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-tila (प्रातिपदिक; sa + tila)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (qualifying annam)

• dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ: facing south
• dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dakṣiṇā + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; दिशि-तत्पुरुषः (dakṣiṇāyāṃ mukhaṃ yasya)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: During śrāddha sequence before/around piṇḍa and tarpaṇa steps (as prescribed)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śrāddha is performed through precise acts (anna-vikīraṇa, repeated udaka-dāna, tila-sahita offering) with correct orientation to honor Pitṛs.

Vedantic Theme: Kartavya-karma and ṛṇa-traya (especially pitṛ-ṛṇa) as a purifier of antaḥkaraṇa supporting higher pursuits.

Application: During ancestral rites, keep offerings simple and exact: scatter the designated food, offer water repeatedly, include sesame, and face south while making the offering.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: ritual-space (gṛha/śrāddha-sthāna)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa/Śrāddha-prakaraṇa: standard sequence of anna, udaka, tila, dakṣiṇāmukhatva (adjacent verses 1.99.23–26)

FAQs

What is the importance of offering water repeatedly in Garuda Purana rites?

This verse emphasizes repeated udaka-dāna (water offering) as a key act of ritual support and sanctification during Pitṛ-related offerings.

Why should one face south (dakṣiṇāmukha) during these offerings?

Facing south is traditionally associated with the Pitṛ direction; the verse instructs dakṣiṇāmukha orientation to align the rite with ancestral (Pitṛ) intent.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing śrāddha or memorial offerings, maintain ritual mindfulness: offer water respectfully, include tila where prescribed, and follow direction/orientation rules as part of disciplined dharma.