Shloka 24

Upanayana Timing, Brahmacarya Rules, Ācamana & Sandhyā Observance

Devanagari script

सावित्रीपतिता व्रात्या व्रात्यस्तोमादृते क्रतोः / मातुर्यदग्रे जायन्ते द्वितीयं मौञ्जबन्धनम्

Transliteration

sāvitrīpatitā vrātyā vrātyastomādṛte kratoḥ / māturyadagre jāyante dvitīyaṃ mauñjabandhanam

Translation

الذين سقطوا عن السافِتْرِي (Sāvitrī: تلقّي الغاياتري) يُسمَّون «فراتْيَة» (vrātya)؛ ولهم، ما عدا طقس «فراتْيَستومَة» (Vrātyastoma)، لا يصحّ أيّ قربانٍ فيديّ. وأمّا الذين وُلدوا من الأمّ أولًا قبل الإِدخال الواجب، فينبغي لهم أن يُعاد ربط حزام المُنْجَا (muñja) مرةً ثانية.

Word by Word

• sāvitrī-patitāḥ: fallen from (the recitation of) Sāvitrī
• sāvitrī-patitāḥ: Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sāvitrī (प्रातिपदिक) + √pat (धातु)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सावित्र्याः पतिताः = सावित्री-उपदेशात् पतिताः); क्त (past passive participle) ‘patita’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• vrātyāḥ: vrātyas (outcast/neglecters of initiation)
• vrātyāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vrātya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• vrātya-stomāt: from the vrātya-stoma rite
• vrātya-stomāt: Apadana (Ablative with ‘ṛte’/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vrātya (प्रातिपदिक) + stoma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (व्रात्यानां स्तोमः/स्तोत्रम्); पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative/5th), एकवचन

• ṛte: without
• ṛte: Sambandha (Exclusion marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ṛte (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; वर्जनार्थक-उपपद (preposition-like indeclinable ‘without/except’)

• kratoḥ: of the rite (sacrifice)
• kratoḥ: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kratu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; ‘of the sacrifice/rite’

• mātuḥ: of the mother
• mātuḥ: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• yat: which/that (child)
• yat: Karma (Relative object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• agre: before/first
• agre: Adhikarana (Temporal/ordering locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb/locative used adverbially); सप्तमी-रूपे ‘agre’ = ‘before/first’

• jāyante: are born
• jāyante: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• dvitīyam: second
• dvitīyam: Karma (Qualifier of mauñjabandhanam/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• mauñja-bandhanam: the binding of the muñja girdle (upanayana)
• mauñja-bandhanam: Karma (Object/predicate nominal/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mauñja (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (मौञ्जं बन्धनम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (speaking to Garuḍa/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vrātya (fallen from Sāvitrī/Gāyatrī initiation) lacks validity for Vedic sacrifices except through Vrātyastoma; certain cases require re-performance of muñja-girdle tying (a corrective saṃskāra).

Vedantic Theme: Prāyaścitta and re-qualification (punar-adhikāra): dharma allows restoration through prescribed means; saṃskāra as transformative eligibility, not mere formality.

Application: When foundational vows/initiations are neglected, pursue tradition-approved remediation (prāyaścitta/renewal) rather than bypassing rules or performing rites without eligibility.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: ritual arena (śrauta/gṛhya context)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.94.23 (fall from dharma if upanayana missed); Garuda Purana 1.94.20-22 (teacher roles; brahmacarya and timing)

Characters & Entities

• Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī)
• Vrātya
• Vrātyastoma
• Muñja (sacred girdle)

FAQs

What is the importance of Vrātyastoma in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

This verse states that for a vrātya (one fallen from Sāvitrī/upanayana discipline), the Vrātyastoma is the key restorative rite—without it, Vedic sacrifices are not considered valid.

How does this verse explain ritual eligibility in dharma traditions?

It links eligibility for Vedic rites to proper initiation and discipline: lapse from Sāvitrī makes one a vrātya, and ritual restoration (Vrātyastoma) and correct re-establishment of the muñja-girdle are prescribed to regain standing.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain consistency in spiritual commitments and seek proper guidance for corrective rites when traditional disciplines are broken, emphasizing accountability and restoration rather than neglect.