Shloka 18

Nāma-mahātmya: Liberation through Salutation, Chanting, and the Mantra “Namo Nārāyaṇāya”

ध्यायन् कृते जपेन्मन्त्रैस्त्रेतायां द्वापरेर्ऽचयन् / यदाप्नोति तदाप्नोति तदाप्नोति कलौ संस्मृत्यकेशवम्

dhyāyan kṛte japenmantraistretāyāṃ dvāparer'cayan / yadāpnoti tadāpnoti tadāpnoti kalau saṃsmṛtyakeśavam

في عصر كِرتا يُنال المقصد الأعلى بالتأمّل؛ وفي تريتَا بترديد المانترا (جَپا)؛ وفي دڤاپرا بالعبادة الطقسية (أرشَنا). وما يُنال بتلك الوسائل يُنال بعينه في عصر كالي بمجرد تذكّر كيشافا (فيشنو).

ध्यायन्meditating
ध्यायन्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणभावेन (absolutive sense: 'while meditating')
कृतेin the Kṛta (Satya) age
कृते:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; (युगे) 'कृते' = कृतयुगे (in the Kṛta age)
जपेत्should recite (japa)
जपेत्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootजप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
मन्त्रैःwith mantras
मन्त्रैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन
त्रेतायाम्in the Tretā age
त्रेतायाम्:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; (युगे)
द्वापरेin the Dvāpara age
द्वापरे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वापर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; (युगे)
अर्चयन्worshipping
अर्चयन्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्च् (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणभावेन ('while worshipping')
यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तद्-प्रत्यय (correlative pronoun)
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
कलौin the Kali age
कलौ:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकलि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; (युगे)
संस्मृत्यhaving remembered
संस्मृत्य:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + स्मृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/क्त्वा), 'having remembered'
केशवम्Keśava (Viṣṇu)
केशवम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Concept: Yuga-dharma: the same supreme attainment gained by meditation/japa/arcana in earlier ages is gained in Kali by remembering Keśava.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara-smaraṇa as a direct purifier and liberating means; grace makes the highest end accessible despite diminished capacities in Kali.

Application: Adopt daily Keśava-smaraṇa (name/form remembrance) as a primary practice; integrate brief remembrance at transitions (waking, meals, travel, sleep).

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: repeated Kali-yuga emphasis on nāma/smaraṇa as swift means (nāma-mahātmya passages)

K
Keshava
V
Vishnu

FAQs

This verse states that in Kali Yuga, simple remembrance (smaraṇa) of Keśava grants the same spiritual attainment that required intensive meditation, mantra-japa, or formal worship in earlier yugas.

It presents a yuga-wise progression: dhyāna in Kṛta, japa in Tretā, arcana in Dvāpara, and in Kali the accessible path of remembrance of Viṣṇu, indicating a compassionate adjustment of practice to the era’s capacity.

Build a daily habit of Viṣṇu-smaraṇa—repeating the name of Keśava, recalling His qualities, or brief mindful remembrance—especially when elaborate rituals or long austerities are not feasible.